Incidence Patterns and Occupational Risk Factors of Human Brucellosis in Greece, 2004–2015

Lytras, Theodore; Danis, Kostas; Dounias, George

doi:10.15171/ijoem.2016.806

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our finding of almost two-thirds of cases reporting a history of consumption of raw unpasteurized milk is consistent with findings of studies conducted in Greece and Iran reporting 77.1% and 100% frequency of raw unpasteurized milk consumption, respectively [22,23]. However, in contrast to other studies, we did not reveal any association between the consumption of raw unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat or exposure to animal carriers and disease form [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

Sargsyan

Davtyan²,

Hann

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The incidence of brucellosis in Armenia in 2010 was twice as high as in other countries of the Caucasian region and has almost doubled over the last three decades. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with acute or chronic forms of presentation of human brucellosis. Methodology: Retrospective study using data from medical records of 455 patients hospitalized for the first time at the Nork Republican Infectious Disease Referral Hospital in Yerevan, Armenia between the years 2006 and 2016. We undertook descriptive analysis of cases, compared acute and chronic cases, and identified factors associated with acute and chronic cases using regression. Results: The majority of brucellosis cases had acute case presentation (73.0%), were males (70.3%), between the ages of 20-60 years (66.2%) and unemployed (89.9%). About two-thirds of cases reported a history of consumption of raw unpasteurized milk. The multivariate analysis revealed that factors associated with the form of brucellosis were age, symptom duration preadmission, fever, antibody titer, and hospitalization outcomes. Conclusion: This study revealed that brucellosis is unevenly distributed across different age groups, as well as regions of Armenia. Affected individuals did not seek medical attention after the onset of the symptoms for about 2 months. Therefore, the targeted educational campaigns could be of crucial importance to prevent the disease in humans, contribute to its early diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

Sargsyan

Davtyan²,

Hann

et al. 2019

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…16 The high incidence of human brucellosis in Huludao is likely to be associated with the close contact with domestic animals, especially feeding and grazing with sheep or goat, which are supported by some other studies in China, 18,21 but against some studies in other countries which reported that ingestion of raw and unpasteurized dairy products was the main risk factor. [22][23][24] In 2016, the options "wearing masks" and "wearing gloves" were added into the case questionnaire, which could provide more detailed distribution information about the adoption of self-protective measures; while for the option "eating undercooked meat or consuming unpasteurized/raw dairy products" that was also added in the new version of the questionnaire, only 2.5% patients confessed this in the study population, which is different from that in some other studies (88.0%, 77.1% and 74.0%, respectively). [22][23][24] The options "drinking water from same well with livestock" and "keeping young lambs indoors" were removed, however, drinking water from same well with livestock is still a risk factor in Huludao (86.6%, n=477), and this risk factor was rarely analyzed in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24] In 2016, the options "wearing masks" and "wearing gloves" were added into the case questionnaire, which could provide more detailed distribution information about the adoption of self-protective measures; while for the option "eating undercooked meat or consuming unpasteurized/raw dairy products" that was also added in the new version of the questionnaire, only 2.5% patients confessed this in the study population, which is different from that in some other studies (88.0%, 77.1% and 74.0%, respectively). [22][23][24] The options "drinking water from same well with livestock" and "keeping young lambs indoors" were removed, however, drinking water from same well with livestock is still a risk factor in Huludao (86.6%, n=477), and this risk factor was rarely analyzed in previous studies. All these results suggest that concentrating on the animal brucellosis is of great significance in order to prevent and control the human brucellosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Analysis of the Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of Human Brucellosis During 2014–2018 in Huludao, China</p>

Liu¹,

Shen²,

Wei³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Purpose: To describe the incidence trend, demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis, epidemiological history and risk factors of human brucellosis in Huludao, China. Patients and Methods: A total of 1887 brucellosis patients were reported in Huludao, China from January, 2014 to December, 2018 and the case questionnaires from 1149 patients were collected from Huludao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic characteristics of the patients and the information relating to the patients' clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Results: The number of annually reported brucellosis patients has dropped from 711 to 187 during the study period, with the incidence decreased from 27.31/100,000 in 2014 to 7.15/ 100,000 in 2018. A total of 1149 individual data were collected, with a mean age of 49.59±13.14 years and 75.7% were male. Patients aged more than 60 years were more likely to have arthralgia/myalgia than the other age groups, and patients who had an enlarged spleen in male were more than female (P<0.05). There were more acute brucellosis cases, less sub-acute and chronic brucellosis cases in the ethnic minority (83.6%, 5.5% and 11.0%, respectively) than that in the Han nationality (64.7%, 22.2% and 13.0%, respectively, P<0.05). For antibiotic therapy, "Doxycycline plus rifampicin or streptomycin" was the most commonly used drug combination. Sheep/goat was the main contacted animal and feeding/grazing was the most frequent transmission route; no personal protective measures were the major risk factor. Conclusion: The incidence of human brucellosis is still high in Huludao, China, and this is mostly associated with contacting with domestic animals and barely taking protective measures. The most common clinical manifestations of brucellosis patients in Huludao were fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever, and arthralgia/myalgia, the most common route of exposure was feeding and grazing, and the major species of livestock was sheep/goat. The most commonly adopted treatment option was antibiotic therapy, and most patients responded well to treatment. The integrality and accuracy of the notifiable epidemiological case questionnaire needs to be improved in order to provide more factual and objective information for both the physicians and policy-makers.

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“…Incidence rate of Brucella in specific occupations and endemic regions was much higher than in the general population. There were occupations with high incidence rate of Brucella; butchers and abattoir workers (12.7), laboratory personnel (3.1) and veterinarians (53.2) (Lytras et al, 2016). Incidence rates in Saudi Arabia (214.4), Turkey (262.2), and Syria (1603.4), had been reported (Pappas et al, 2006;WHO, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-tube approach for in vitro diagnostics using diatomaceous earth and optical sensor

Zhao

Koo

Liu

et al. 2018

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Versatile, simple and efficient sample preparation is desirable for point-of-care testing of emerging diseases such as zoonoses, but current sample preparation assays are insensitive, labour-intensive and time-consuming and require multiple instruments. We developed a single-tube sample preparation approach involving direct pathogen enrichment and extraction from human specimens using diatomaceous earth (DE). Amine-modified DE was used to directly enrich a zoonotic pathogen, Brucella, in a large sample volume. Next, a complex of amine-modified DE and dimethyl suberimidate was used for nucleic acid extraction from the enriched pathogen. Using our single-tube approach, the pathogen can be enriched and extracted within 60min at a level of 1 colony formation unit (CFU) from a 1ml sample volume in the same tube. The performance of this approach is 10-100 times better than that of a commercial kit (10 to 10CFU/ml) but does not require a large centrifuge. Finally, we combined the single-tube approach with a bio-optical sensor for rapid and accurate zoonotic pathogen detection in human urine samples. Using the combination system, Brucella in human urine can be efficiently enriched (~ 8-fold) and the detection limit is enhanced by up to 100 times (1CFU/ml bacteria in urine) compared with the commercial kit. This combined system is fast and highly sensitive and thus represents a promising approach for disease diagnosis in the clinical setting.

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Incidence Patterns and Occupational Risk Factors of Human Brucellosis in Greece, 2004–2015

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

Acute and chronic brucellosis eleven-year audit from a tertiary hospital in Armenia

<p>Analysis of the Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of Human Brucellosis During 2014–2018 in Huludao, China</p>

A single-tube approach for in vitro diagnostics using diatomaceous earth and optical sensor

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