Incidence of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains among Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract

There has been a substantial rise in the number of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains during the last several years. The proportion of vancomycin-resistant strains among isolated S. aureus has risen steadily in recent years, with the first spike occurring in critical care units and thereafter in general hospital wards. S. aureus isolates from urinary tract infection patients were studied for their prevalence and antibiotic resistance. From 292 urine samples, 103 bacterial strains (35.3%) were identified as S. aureus. Various antibiotics were used to test the isolates’ antibacterial resistance profiles. Antibiotic resistance to erythromycin was found in most bacterial isolates, whereas tobramycin antibiotic sensitivity was found in most of them. Vancomycin resistance was found in 23 of all S. aureus isolates in this study. Analysis for β-lactamase found that 71% of S. aureus isolates were positive in all isolates. There was a single plasmid with a molecular weight of 39.306 Kbp in five selected VRSA isolates that was subjected to plasmid analysis. There was evidence of vancomycin resistance among the S. aureus isolates collected from UTI patients in this investigation. This vancomycin resistance pretenses a challenge in the treatment of S. aureus infections and the need to precisely recognize persons who require last-resort medication such as tobramycin.

Plasmid DNA mediated vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from cases of urinary tract infection

“…These age brackets fall within the sexually active age, which could maximize the chances of UTIs as a results of illicit gender trans-border relationship that makes females easily prone to this infection due to the closeness of their urethra to the vagina. And also, the distribution patterns recorded in this study could be attributed to inherent predisposing factors among the gender which are considered to be one of the epidemiological factors aiding the spread and control of infection, this corroborate the study of Sammy Selim et al [14] on antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem During the last ten years, the prevalence of VRSA was alarming, with initial incidence and spike in critical care units, spreading to the hospital then escaping to the rest of the community. Although various genotypes and subtypes of resistance are found among Staphylococcus aureus, there is yet to be known uniform mechanisms for vancomycin metabolism [15].Thirty (30) of the 60 isolates Sa (1,2,3,7,8,10,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,24,25,28,29,30,31,32,35,39,40,41,43,44,46,53,57 and 59) of Staphylococcus aureus examined exhibited resistance to standard 30 µg vancomycin disc exposed.…”

“…Plasmid DNA ranged from, 0.25 kb and 23.13 kb molecular weights were obtained from 14 of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (1,2,3,8,10,14,15,16,17,18,19,25) based on the resistance to vancomycin disc as showed in Figure 1, (Sa 28 and 29) elicited bands of low molecular weight in Figure 2 in this study. The resistant isolates that have no plasmid DNA bands could be attributed to the possibility of their resistance factors not been plasmid borne.…”

Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Recovered from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Zakho City/ Kurdistan-Iraq

“…Then sub-cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24hrs. The identification of S. aureus based on the standard microbiological protocols and biochemical characteristics of these pure colonies includes Gram-staining (Atom Scientific Ltd, UK), MSA (Neogen Ltd, UK), and catalase and coagulase tests (Oxoid Ltd, England) (Bale et al, 2021;Selim et al, 2022).…”

BioFire FilmArray BCID2 versus VITEK-2 System in Determining Microbial Etiology and Antibiotic-Resistant Genes of Pathogens Recovered from Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections

“…Furthermore, the widespread infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the massive use of vancomycin as one of the important first-line treating options forced not only the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), but also for the substantial rise of complete resistance to vancomycin in recent years. Therefore, preventing the dangerous spread of these dreadful superbugs became a major challenge facing all healthcare workers worldwide [ 10 ].…”