“…Fifty-nine (49.2%) articles presented signs and symptoms of Long COVID. Twenty-three (19.2%) articles reported on the generalized signs/symptoms (21 adults, 2 pediatrics), and the remaining 36 (30%) articles focused on specific organs/systems (9 focused on thromboembolism [ 29 , 30 , 36 , 50 , 66 , 69 , 114 , 117 , 118 ], 8 respiratory [ 23 , 27 , 37 , 41 , 44 , 67 , 75 , 127 ], 4 neurology [ 46 , 61 , 102 , 116 ], 2 musculoskeletal [ 53 , 72 ], 5 cardiovascular [ 39 , 49 , 54 , 112 , 120 ], 3 mental health [ 21 , 58 , 108 ], 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome [MIS] [ 43 , 113 ] (one about pediatrics MIS [ 43 ] and one on adults MIS [ 113 ]), 1 skin manifestations [ 70 ], 2 were exclusively about post-acute infectious fatigue [ 33 , 122 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism was defined as occurring in the hospital at least 48 h after admission, or postoperatively, or occurring up to 90 days post-discharge [ 36 ]. Similarly, a multi-center study showed that the incidence of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients who were followed for 45 days after hospitalization was “relatively low”[ 29 ]. Moreover, Eswaran et al, reported that among 447 patients who were followed after discharge from the hospital, only 2% developed vascular thromboembolism 30 days after discharge; and they concluded against the routine post-discharge thromboprophylaxis [ 69 ].…”
Purpose
To find out what is known from literature about Long COVID until January 30, 2021.
Methods
We undertook a four-step search with no language restriction. A preliminary search was made to identify the keywords. A search strategy of all electronic databases resulted in 66 eligible studies. A forward and backward search of the references and citations resulted in additional 54 publications. Non-English language articles were translated using Google Translate. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.
Results
Of 120 papers, we found only one randomized clinical trial. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort, and 28 were cross-sectional studies. Of the total 120 publications, 49.1% focused on signs and symptoms, 23.3% on management, and 10.8% on pathophysiology. Ten publications focused on imaging studies. The results are also presented extensively in a narrative synthesis in separated sections (nomenclature, diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, signs/symptoms, management).
Conclusions
The controversies in its definition have impaired proper recognition and management. The predominant symptoms were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difficulties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of long-term sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01666-x.
“…Fifty-nine (49.2%) articles presented signs and symptoms of Long COVID. Twenty-three (19.2%) articles reported on the generalized signs/symptoms (21 adults, 2 pediatrics), and the remaining 36 (30%) articles focused on specific organs/systems (9 focused on thromboembolism [ 29 , 30 , 36 , 50 , 66 , 69 , 114 , 117 , 118 ], 8 respiratory [ 23 , 27 , 37 , 41 , 44 , 67 , 75 , 127 ], 4 neurology [ 46 , 61 , 102 , 116 ], 2 musculoskeletal [ 53 , 72 ], 5 cardiovascular [ 39 , 49 , 54 , 112 , 120 ], 3 mental health [ 21 , 58 , 108 ], 2 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome [MIS] [ 43 , 113 ] (one about pediatrics MIS [ 43 ] and one on adults MIS [ 113 ]), 1 skin manifestations [ 70 ], 2 were exclusively about post-acute infectious fatigue [ 33 , 122 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this study, hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism was defined as occurring in the hospital at least 48 h after admission, or postoperatively, or occurring up to 90 days post-discharge [ 36 ]. Similarly, a multi-center study showed that the incidence of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients who were followed for 45 days after hospitalization was “relatively low”[ 29 ]. Moreover, Eswaran et al, reported that among 447 patients who were followed after discharge from the hospital, only 2% developed vascular thromboembolism 30 days after discharge; and they concluded against the routine post-discharge thromboprophylaxis [ 69 ].…”
Purpose
To find out what is known from literature about Long COVID until January 30, 2021.
Methods
We undertook a four-step search with no language restriction. A preliminary search was made to identify the keywords. A search strategy of all electronic databases resulted in 66 eligible studies. A forward and backward search of the references and citations resulted in additional 54 publications. Non-English language articles were translated using Google Translate. We conducted our scoping review based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist.
Results
Of 120 papers, we found only one randomized clinical trial. Of the 67 original studies, 22 were cohort, and 28 were cross-sectional studies. Of the total 120 publications, 49.1% focused on signs and symptoms, 23.3% on management, and 10.8% on pathophysiology. Ten publications focused on imaging studies. The results are also presented extensively in a narrative synthesis in separated sections (nomenclature, diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, signs/symptoms, management).
Conclusions
The controversies in its definition have impaired proper recognition and management. The predominant symptoms were: fatigue, breathlessness, arthralgia, sleep difficulties, and chest pain. Recent reports also point to the risk of long-term sequela with cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, mental health, neurologic, and renal involvement in those who survive the acute phase of the illness.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01666-x.
“…This practice could possibly have led to underreporting in our setting, and physicians might instead have administered higher doses of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The incidence of symptomatic VTE following hospital discharge for COVID‐19 has been reported to be 0·2% within 45 days, 9 suggesting that most VTEs occur during the hospital stay.…”
Summary
Infection with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) may predispose for venous thromboembolism (VTE). There is wide variation in reported incidence rates of VTE in COVID‐19, ranging from 3% to 85%. Therefore, the true incidence of thrombotic complications in COVID‐19 is uncertain. Here we present data on the incidence of VTE in both hospitalised and non‐hospitalised patients from two ongoing prospective cohort studies. The incidence of VTE after diagnosis of COVID‐19 was 3·9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2·1–7·2] during hospitalisation, 0·9% (95% CI: 0·2–3·1) in the three months after discharge and 0·2% (95% CI: 0·00–1·25) in non‐hospitalised patients, suggesting an incidence rate at the lower end of that in previous reports.
“…However, the risk of hospital-associated VTE extends from the time of admission and over the first 90 days post hospital discharge also in COVID-19 patients. [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . To this regard, the actual post-discharge cumulative incidence of VTE events in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia has not been clearly determined, limiting the formulation of clinical recommendations regarding the need for and optimal duration of extended thromboprophylaxis strategies.…”
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