Incidence of stressful life events and influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the onset of first-episode psychosis

Butjosa, Anna; Gómez-Benito, Juana; Huerta‐Ramos, Elena; Cacho, N. Del; Barajas, Ana; Baños, Iris; Usall, Judith; Dolz, Montserrat; Sánchez, Bernardo; Carlson, Janina; Haro, Josep María; Ochoa, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.030

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…While a substantial body of research has established an important role for stress in the development of many psychiatric disorders (Butjosa et al, 2016 ; Koenders et al, 2014 ; Lex, Bäzner, & Meyer, 2017 ; McCraw & Parker, 2017 ; Shapero et al, 2017 ), not all people who experience stressful life events develop a form of psychopathology (Kalisch et al, 2017 ). The neural mechanisms underlying these interindividual differences are not well understood, but have previously been suggested to arise from impaired temporal dynamics of large-scale brain networks in response to stress in vulnerable individuals (Homberg, Kozicz, & Fernández, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted upregulation of salience network connectivity during acute stress in siblings of schizophrenia patients

et al. 2020

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Background An adaptive neural stress response is essential to adequately cope with a changing environment. It was previously argued that sympathetic/noradrenergic activity during acute stress increases salience network (SN) connectivity and reduces executive control network (ECN) connectivity in healthy controls, with opposing effects in the late aftermath of stress. Altered temporal dynamics of these networks in response to stress are thought to play a role in the development of psychopathology in vulnerable individuals. Methods We exposed male healthy controls (n = 40, mean age = 33.9) and unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients (n = 39, mean age = 33.2) to the stress or control condition of the trier social stress test and subsequently investigated resting state functional connectivity of the SN and ECN directly after and 1.5 h after stress. Results Acute stress resulted in increased functional connectivity within the SN in healthy controls, but not in siblings (group × stress interaction pfwe < 0.05). In the late aftermath of stress, stress reduced functional connectivity within the SN in both groups. Moreover, we found increased functional connectivity between the ECN and the cerebellum in the aftermath of stress in both healthy controls and siblings of schizophrenia patients. Conclusions The results show profound differences between siblings of schizophrenia patients and controls during acute stress. Siblings lacked the upregulation of neural resources necessary to quickly and adequately cope with a stressor. This points to a reduced dynamic range in the sympathetic response, and may constitute a vulnerability factor for the development of psychopathology in this at-risk group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted upregulation of salience network connectivity during acute stress in siblings of schizophrenia patients

et al. 2020

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“…Since the first psychotic episode usually occurs between 15 and 30 years of age, adolescence is a critical period for study of NS [24]. Adolescent PLEs show a variety of patterns: paranoid thoughts and/or hallucinations, and isolated NS, in addition to anxiety and depression as risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spanish validation of the self-evaluation of negative symptoms scale SNS in an adolescent population

et al. 2019

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BackgroundNegative symptoms (NS) may be observed in the general population in an attenuated form and in high-risk mental states. However, they have been less studied in the general population than positive symptoms, in spite of their importance at the insidious onset of schizophrenia and their appearance before positive symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the empirical structure of the Spanish version of the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) Scale and find its psychometric properties and invariance of measurement across sex and age in a sample of adolescents.MethodsThe sample consisted of 4521 adolescents (53.6% female) from 11 to 18 years of age.ResultsConfirmatory Factor Analysis of the SNS confirmed an internal structure of five first-order factors by the characteristic dimensions of NS: avolition, social withdrawal, diminished emotional range, anhedonia, alogia, and one second-order factor which includes the total NS score. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale was invariant across sex and age. Total scale reliability was adequate. A strong relationship was found between the SNS with depressive symptomatology, moderate with ideas of reference and low with aberrant salience. Conclusion: The results back use of the Spanish version of the SNS scale for detection of NS in the general population of adolescents.

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“…The incidence rate of mental disorders in early adulthood is steadily increasing, and the resulting social cost is very large [29]. The early stages of mental disorders such as schizophrenia coincide with a transitional phase in life when individuals prepare to enter adulthood, experiencing many challenges, changes, and adaptations [30]. It is very important to facilitate an early diagnosis and early intervention for mental disorders at this stage to prevent the disorder from becoming chronic, to promote recovery from symptoms, and to complete developmental challenges in adulthood [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Body Image, Insight, and Mental Health Confidence on Medication Adherence in Young Adult Women with Mental Disorders

Lee

Jang

2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the impact of body image, insight, and mental health confidence on medication adherence among young adult women with mental disorders. Data collection occurred from August to September 2018. The study participants were 147 young adult women aged 19 to 45 with mental disorders who were psychiatry outpatients either getting treatment in general hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province or receiving rehabilitation therapy through local mental health welfare centers in Korea, and agreed to participate in the study. The measurement tools used were the Body Image Scale; the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder, Korean short-form version; the Korean version of the Mental Health Confidence Scale; and the Korean version of the Medication Compliance Scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS/WIN 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Medication adherence among the study participants differed by age (F = 2.95, p = 0.042), religion (t = −2.06, p = 0.042), level of trust in psychiatrists (F = 5.40, p = 0.006), treatment duration (F = 4.48, p = 0.005), and noncompliance to medication regimens due to weight gain (t = −2.61, p = 0.010). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that body image (β = −0.32, p < 0.001), insight (β = −0.24, p = 0.002), and mental health confidence (β = 0.24, p = 0.004) had a significant impact on the medication adherence of the participants. Body image, in particular, had the greatest influence on the medication adherence of the participants. This study found that body image, insight, and mental health confidence were important in improving medication adherence among young adult women with mental disorders. Practical, patient-centered, and individualized approaches that can improve medication adherence by seeking to understand negative perceptions regarding body image should be considered.

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Incidence of stressful life events and influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the onset of first-episode psychosis

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Disrupted upregulation of salience network connectivity during acute stress in siblings of schizophrenia patients

Disrupted upregulation of salience network connectivity during acute stress in siblings of schizophrenia patients

Spanish validation of the self-evaluation of negative symptoms scale SNS in an adolescent population

The Influence of Body Image, Insight, and Mental Health Confidence on Medication Adherence in Young Adult Women with Mental Disorders

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