Incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrant groups to the Netherlands

Selten, Jean‐Paul; Veen, Natalie D.; Feller, Wilma G.; Blom, Jan Dirk; Schols, Diede; Camoenië, W.; Oolders, J.; Velden, Meredith van der; Hoek, Hans W.; Rivero, V.; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Kahn, René S.

doi:10.1192/bjp.178.4.367

Cited by 231 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In both regards, these findings are consistent with the acculturative stress hypothesis, the suggestion that stressors associated with being an immigrant increase risk for psychopathology (Rogler et al, 1991;Vega et al, 1998;Escobar and Vega, 2000;Grant et al, 2004). These findings are also consistent with studies in the US (Odegaard, 1932;Malzberg and Lee, 1956), Europe (Harrison et al, 1997;Selten et al, 1997;Selten et al, 2001;Zolkowska et al, 2001;Cantor-Graae and Selten, 2005), and Australia (Krupinski and Stoller, 1965) that have found increased risk for psychotic disorders among immigrants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Breslau

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Borges³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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Our understanding of the relationship between immigration and mental health can be advanced by comparing immigrants pre-and post-immigration with residents of the immigrants' home countries. DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders were assessed using identical methods in representative samples of English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US, a subsample of the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCSR), and Mexicans, the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS). Retrospective reports of age of onset of disorders and, in the immigrant sample, age of immigration were analyzed to study the associations of pre-existing mental disorders with immigration and of immigration with the subsequent onset and persistence of mental disorders. Preexisting anxiety disorders predicted immigration (OR=3.0; 95% CI 1.2-7.4). Immigration predicted subsequent onset of anxiety (OR=1.9; 95% CI 0.9-3.9) and mood (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.0) disorders and persistence of anxiety (OR=3.7 95% CI 1.2-11.2) disorders. The results are inconsistent with the "healthy immigrant" hypothesis (that mentally healthy people immigrate) and partly consistent with the "acculturation stress" hypothesis (i.e., that stresses of living in a foreign culture promote mental disorder). Replication and extension of these results in a larger bi-national sample using a single field staff are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Breslau

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Borges³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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“…Based on these findings we conclude that (1) both immigrants and non-immigrants with psychotic disorders show marked cognitive deficits in immediate recall, delayed recall and attention, (2) there are marked differences in cognitive deficits between immigrant-and nonimmigrant patients, where no clear differences in psychotic symptom profiles were evident in our subsample analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][12][13][14], and (3) second-generation immigrants show better performance than first-generation immigrants, especially for sustained attention.…”

Section: Dsd)mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Various studies demonstrated increased incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in immigrant groups [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It has been argued that these high rates were the result of diagnostic bias: experiences and behavior of ethnic minorities may be misinterpreted as positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia by clinicians who are not familiar with the immigrants' culture [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Stouten

Veling

Helm

et al. 2012

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Incidence rates of psychotic disorders are higher in immigrant groups compared to native populations. This increased risk may partly be explained by misdiagnosis. Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders, but little is known about the relationship between migration and cognition in psychotic disorders. We examined whether immigrant patients have cognitive deficits similar to non-immigrant patients, in order to investigate the plausibility of misdiagnosis as explanation for increased incidence rates. Methods Patients who made first contact for non-affective psychotic disorder were assessed in the cognitive domains sustained attention, immediate recall and delayed recall. Immigrant patients were compared to Dutch patients on cognitive performance. Results 407 Patients diagnosed with a non-affective psychotic disorder completed cognitive assessment (157 Dutch, 250 immigrants). Both Dutch and immigrant patients showed large cognitive deficits. Between-subgroup comparisons revealed large cognitive deficits for immigrants compared to Dutch, especially for immigrants from Morocco, Turkey and other non-Western countries. Conclusions These results indicate that immigrant status is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in early psychosis. The findings argue against diagnostic bias as an explanation for the increased incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrants.

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“…Les taux de schizophrénie étaient jusqu'à cinq fois plus importants [30,32]. Le problème de la consommation de substances psychoactives a été aussi étudié et on n'a pas retrouvé des taux de consommation différents entre les migrants et les non migrants [33].…”

Section: Pays-basunclassified

“…Même si des facteurs tels qu'un bas niveau social, le chômage, la vie en zone urbaine, sont souvent associés à une augmentation du risque de schizophrénie et que la plupart des migrants vivent dans des conditions socio-économiques difficiles, cela ne peut pas expliquer les taux élevés constatés dans cette population. Ainsi, Selten [30] montre dans son étude que dans la communauté turque des Pays-Bas il existe un niveau socio-économique bas avec illettrisme et chômage important, mais le risque relatif n'est pas augmenté.…”

Section: Facteurs Sociauxunclassified

Psychose et migration, une revue de la littérature

Tortelli¹,

K’ourio²,

Ailam³

et al. 2009

Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique

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Incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrant groups to the Netherlands

Abstract: This study indicates that the incidence of schizophrenia is increased in several, but not all, immigrant groups to The Netherlands. It is possible that factors associated with a process of rapid westernisation precipitate schizophrenia in people who are genetically at risk.

Cited by 231 publications

References 15 publications

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Psychose et migration, une revue de la littérature

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