Incidence of Preeclampsia during the Third Trimester and Its Impact on Low Birth Weight Infants

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the developing countries that occupy the third position in ASEAN and second in the South East Asian Nation Regional Organization region with the largest Maternal Mortality Rate and perinatal. All maternal deaths were 99% occurred in developing countries, one of which was Indonesia. In terms of maternal health, newborns, and nutrition in developed and developing countries, birth weight is known as an important and reliable indicator for the survival of neonates and infants. Moreover, pre-eclampsia serves as one of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of Low Birth Weight (LBW). This condition is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, due to reduced organ perfusion as a result of vasospasm and endothelial activation. Furthermore, the elevated blood pressure in this disorder causes a decrease in uteroplacental perfusion. These further decreases blood circulation to the fetus and results in a lack of oxygen and nutrients as well as stunted fetal growth, which manifests as LBW. The mutual existence of several pre-eclampsia and LBW incidence cannot be denied. However, the presence of pre-eclampsia in the mother may not always be the cause of LBW, despite the association between these two factors. Preterm gestation, multiple pregnancy, and antepartum hemorrhage are also among the risk factors that might contribute to this condition. journal selection method is conducted by researchers by looking from various sources such as PubMed / NCBI, google scholar, science direct by entering the initial keyword sedentary, which is then followed by other keywords namely Hypertension in pregnancy, preeclampsia, birth weight, third trimester, maternal mortality rate and perinatal mortality rate. The purpose is to review and broadening insights into relationships and factors that affect low birth weight by predicting the possibility of preeclampsia as well as efforts to prevent low birth weight babies. The result of this review is mothers who suffered from preeclampsia/eclampsia during their pregnancy had a 4,164 times higher risk of having babies with LBW and 70% of hypertension in pregnancy affects placental growth, resulting in babies born with LBW due to fetal growth retardation. Conclusion based on a literature review, a relationship between the incidence of preeclampsia in the third trimester and the birth weight of the baby was observed.