Incidence of pneumonia is not reduced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Chowdhary, Sona

doi:10.2471/blt.08.054692

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 450 million annual cases with 1.3 million annual deaths in children and 1.6 million in adults aged ≥60 years [ 1 – 4 ]. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common bacterial pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and case fatality rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults: Catchment population-based analysis

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPneumonia is a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) is the most common vaccine-preventable bacterial etiology of pneumonia. In this study, we estimated the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults.MethodsClinical and microbiological databases from three hospitals were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence and case fatality rates of CAP and pneumococcal diseases in Korean adults aged ≥19 years from 2011 to 2014. Incidence and case fatality rates of CAP, PP and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) were evaluated based on the catchment population. Catchment population was calculated using national health insurance data, estimating the proportion of patients with pneumonia that were medically attended at each hospital.ResultsAmong 5,783 patients with medically attended CAP, 833 (14.4%) had PP. For IPD, a total of 91 culture-confirmed cases were identified. The overall incidence of CAP was 307.7 cases per 100,000 persons per year with an in-hospital mortality rate of 6.2%. The estimated annual incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia was 42.2–49.4 cases per 100,000 persons per year, increasing with age to >280 per 100,000 persons per year in older patients over 70 years. The annual incidence of IPD had a range of 4.1–6.5 cases per 100,000 persons per year. The overall case fatality rate for invasive pneumococcal diseases was 30.8% with the highest rate of 66.7% in patients over 80 years.ConclusionOver the study period, incidences of CAP, PP and IPD were consistently high, particularly in older people. These results provide baseline data to establish healthcare strategies and estimate their impact among Korean adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and case fatality rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults: Catchment population-based analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Further research is needed to assess the impact of such policies. Vaccination against pneumococci is still not a mandatory vaccine in Egypt's Extended Program on Immunization (21), and while vaccination has reduced the burden of CAP, it did not provide herd immunity or confer absolute reduction of morbidity and mortality (22,23). Thus the prompt screening of children -with symptoms or without-using chest ultrasound might provide the needed tool to reduce community dispersion and dissemination of CAP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Chest Ultrasound for Bedside Diagnosis of Pneumonia: A Validation Study for Diagnostic Options in Developing Countries

Basanti

Kotb

Seif

et al. 2020

Pediatric Sciences Journal

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“…Insulin resistance has been associated with elevated levels of growth hormone (a potent anti-insulin) and adrenal androgens (5,6). For girls, insulin sensitivity starts to deteriorate with the start of puberty and remains low throughout that period, whereas in boys, insulin sensitivity tends to rise again after Tanner stage 3 (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic Control in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Shaalan,

Badawi,

Soliman

et al. 2022

Pediatric Sciences Journal

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Background: Optimal glycemic control is essential during type 1 diabetes (T1D) management to minimize the occurrence of both short and long term complications. Many factors might influence diabetes control including puberty which is a challenging period. Aim of the work:To assess the effect of puberty on glycemic control in adolescent females with T1D and to compare glucose levels, insulin demand and carbohydrate intake in the week of menstruation to those in the luteal phase. Methods: This cross-sectional, pilot study took place in the Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Egypt. It included 30 prepubertal Tanner stage 1 girls (Group-1) and 30 full pubertal girls Tanner stage 5 (Group 2) with regular menstruation were included in the study. Mean blood glucose levels, insulin doses and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (average of the last 4 readings over 1 year) were compared. Results: Ages of enrolled girls ranged from 10-15 years (group 1: mean age ± SD=11.67±1.33; group 2: 13.93±.0.94; p< 0.001 ) with T1D durations of 5.12-5.42 years. Mean HbA1c and insulin doses were similar in both pubertal and prepubertal girls after adjusting data for BMI SDS and participation in exercise (p=0.164 and 0.157 respectively). Mean blood glucose levels, insulin doses and carbohydrate intake were significantly higher (by 8%, 18% and 7.5% respectively) during menstruation (early follicular) than in the luteal phase (p<0.001). Conclusion: Glycemic control in pubertal females with T1D was challenged by the higher BMI, lack of activity and growth spurt that characterize this stage of development. Contrary to some other studies, among our studied cohort glycemic control also exhibited deterioration in the early follicular phase that was associated with greater carbohydrate consumption compared to the luteal phase.

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Incidence of pneumonia is not reduced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Incidence and case fatality rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults: Catchment population-based analysis

Incidence and case fatality rates of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal diseases among Korean adults: Catchment population-based analysis

Pediatric Chest Ultrasound for Bedside Diagnosis of Pneumonia: A Validation Study for Diagnostic Options in Developing Countries

Glycemic Control in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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