Incidence of Phage Capsid Organization on the Resistance to High Energy Proton Beams

Abstract

The helical geometry of virus capsid allows simple self-assembly of identical protein subunits with a low request of free energy and a similar spiral path to virus nucleic acid. Consequently, small variations in protein subunits can affect the stability of the entire phage particle. Previously, we observed that rearrangement in the capsid structure of M13 engineered phages affected the resistance to UV-C exposure, while that to H2O2 was mainly ascribable to the amino acids’ sequence of the foreign peptide. Based on these findings, in this work, the resistance to accelerated proton beam exposure (5.0 MeV energy) of the same phage clones was determined at different absorbed doses and dose rates. Then, the number of viral particles able to infect and replicate in the natural host, Escherichia coli F+, was evaluated. By comparing the results with the M13 wild-type vector (pC89), we observed that 12III1 phage clones, with the foreign peptide containing amino acids favorable to carbonylation, exhibited the highest reduction in phage titer associated with a radiation damage (RD) of 35 × 10−3/Gy at 50 dose Gy. On the other hand, P9b phage clones, containing amino acids unfavorable to carbonylation, showed the lowest reduction with an RD of 4.83 × 10−3/Gy at 500 dose Gy. These findings could improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the radiation resistance of viruses

Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches

“…The phage display technique has been used to find peptides able to detect enzymes, whole eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including MDR strains, and assess if they presented microbicidal activities [266][267][268][269]. In addition, it has been observed that foreign peptides can be modified in their conformation on the phage surfaces and resistance to chemical-physical environment compared to the wild-type [270,271]. These findings expand the use of engineered phages as bio-probes for medical applications.…”