Incidence of non-infectious ‘acute mastoiditis’ in children

Kontorinis, Georgios; Psarommatis, Ioannis; Karabinos, C; Iliodromiti, Zoe; Tsakanikos, Michael

doi:10.1017/s0022215111002921

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Twenty-three publications were based on a pooled total of 24 children (<18 years old) with diseases mimicking AM ( Table 2 ). 3,4,8-28 Age ranged from 10 weeks to 16 years with a male predominance (14 males, 8 females, 2 not reported). In total, 11 unique diseases were cited: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), angiosarcoma, cranial fasciitis, Ewing sarcoma, Kawasaki disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), liposarcoma, melanoma, non-Hodgkin B- and T-cell lymphoma (NHL), and RMS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis

Wong

Arrighi‐Allisan

Fan

et al. 2021

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective Acute mastoiditis is commonly attributed to infection. Rarely do clinicians encounter cases that do not respond to traditional antibiotics or surgical management. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature to characterize diseases masquerading as acute infectious mastoiditis. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Review Methods A systematic review was performed to identify all publications that reported on diseases with presentations mimicking acute mastoiditis, defined as postauricular redness, swelling, and tenderness. We included clinical prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series/reports. Exclusion criteria included non-English articles, letters/commentaries, abstracts, and review articles. Results Out of 3339 results, 35 studies met final inclusion criteria. In children, 11 diseases were reported to mimic mastoiditis, including solid tumors, hematologic diseases, and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. The most common disease in children was Langerhans cell histiocytosis, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma and acute myelogenous leukemia. In adults, 8 additional diseases were reported. The most common disease in adults was squamous cell carcinoma, followed by nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Presenting symptoms are reviewed, as well as characteristic radiographic, laboratory, and intraoperative features that may assist with diagnosis. A diagnostic algorithm for atypical cases of acute mastoiditis is proposed. Conclusion A small but significant group of diseases in children and adults can mimic acute mastoiditis. In such cases, history and examination alone may be insufficient to reach a diagnosis, and further investigation may be necessary. Otolaryngologists should always be mindful of the possibility that noninfectious pathologies may present with a constellation of symptoms similar to mastoiditis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis

Wong

Arrighi‐Allisan

Fan

et al. 2021

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…Pediatric acute mastoiditis of noninfectious etiology is much rarer than true infectious mastoiditis. It should be suspected in every atypical, persistent, or recurrent case of acute mastoiditis [11]. According to Kontorinis, all cases of atypical mastoiditis must be conducted with routine laboratory investigation, imaging studies, and tissue biopsies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Facial Paralysis and Deafness in a Child Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Lucena

Fernandes

Pazinatto

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Otolaryngology

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Involvement of the ear and temporal bone in acute leukemias are uncommon. We report a case of atypical mastoiditis with bilateral facial paralysis in a child diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). A 20-month-old male child was diagnosed with ALL and developed otorrhea unresponsive to antimicrobial treatment during the first week of chemotherapy followed by hearing loss, loss of balance, and bilateral facial paralysis. A CT scan of the mastoids showed cortical erosion of the temporal bone and presence of soft tissue contents filling the mastoid cells and external auditory canal bilaterally. Mastoidectomy was performed to collect material for analysis. Histopathologic examination of the material revealed an active chronic inflammatory process, with a moderate amount of plasma cells. Chemotherapy was reintroduced 3 weeks after the surgical procedure, and progressive improvement of otorrhea and imbalance was noted. Grade III House–Brackmann peripheral facial paralysis persisted on 6-month follow-up, and the patient is in rehabilitation program.

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“…A large US insurance claims database of children younger than 6 years suggested that AM incidence has declined following the introduction of PCVs, especially PCV‐13 94 . Nevertheless, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of AM across the globe 87,90,92,95‐105 . Country‐wide hospital data from Denmark and Sweden show that there has been no increase in the incidence of AM 96,103 since the introduction of guidelines to reduce antibiotic use for AOM, released a few years earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…94 Nevertheless, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of AM across the globe. 87,90,92,[95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105] Country-wide hospital data from Denmark and Sweden show that there has been no increase in the incidence of AM 96,103 since the introduction of guidelines to reduce antibiotic use for AOM, released a few years earlier.…”

Section: Complications Of Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Panel 7: Otitis Media: Treatment and Complications

Schilder

Marom²,

Bhutta

et al. 2017

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective We aimed to summarize key articles published between 2011 and 2015 on the treatment of (recurrent) acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, tympanostomy tube otorrhea, chronic suppurative otitis media and complications of otitis media, and their implications for clinical practice. Data Sources PubMed, Ovid Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing). Review Methods All types of articles related to otitis media treatment and complications between June 2011 and March 2015 were identified. A total of 1122 potential related articles were reviewed by the panel members; 118 relevant articles were ultimately included in this summary. Conclusions Recent literature and guidelines emphasize accurate diagnosis of acute otitis media and optimal management of ear pain. Watchful waiting is optional in mild to moderate acute otitis media; antibiotics do shorten symptoms and duration of middle ear effusion. The additive benefit of adenoidectomy to tympanostomy tubes in recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is controversial and age dependent. Topical antibiotic is the treatment of choice in acute tube otorrhea. Symptomatic hearing loss due to persistent otitis media with effusion is best treated with tympanostomy tubes. Novel molecular and biomaterial treatments as adjuvants to surgical closure of eardrum perforations seem promising. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of complementary and alternative treatments. Implications for Practice Emphasis on accurate diagnosis of otitis media, in its various forms, is important to reduce overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and antibiotic resistance. Children at risk for otitis media and its complications deserve special attention.

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Incidence of non-infectious ‘acute mastoiditis’ in children

Abstract: 'Acute mastoiditis' of non-infectious aetiology is a rare but real threat for children, and a challenging diagnosis for otologists. A non-infectious basis should be suspected in every atypical, persistent or recurrent case of acute mastoiditis.

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis

A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis

Bilateral Facial Paralysis and Deafness in a Child Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Panel 7: Otitis Media: Treatment and Complications

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