Incidence of new cardiovascular events in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease seen in a vascular surgery clinic

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the incidence of death and of new cardiovascular events at long-term follow-up of patients with and without PAD seen in a vascular surgery clinic.Material/MethodsWe investigated the incidence of death, new stroke/transient ischemic attack, new myocardial infarction, new coronary revascularization, new carotid endarterectomy, new peripheral arterial disease (PAD) revascularization, or at least one of the above outcomes at long-term follow-up of patients with and without PAD followed in a vascular surgery clinic.ResultsAt least one of the above outcomes occurred in 259 of 414 patients (63%) with PAD at 33-month follow-up and in 21 of 89 patients (24%) without PAD at 48-month follow-up (p<0.0001). Death occurred in 112 of 414 patients (27%) with PAD and in 10 of 89 patients (11%) without PAD (p=0.002). Stepwise Cox regression analysis for the time to at least one of the 6 outcomes showed that significant independent risk factors were men (hazard ratio =1.394; 95% CI, 1.072–1.813; p=0.013), estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio =0.992; 95% CI, 0.987–0.997; p=0.003), and PAD (hazard ratio =3.520; 95% CI, 2.196–5.641; p<0.0001). Stepwise Cox regression analysis for the time to death showed that significant independent risk factors were age (hazard ratio =1.024; 95% CI, 1.000–1.049; p=0.048), estimated glomerular filtration rate (hazard ratio =0.985; 95% CI, 0.974–0.996; p=0.007), and PAD (hazard ratio =2.157; 95% CI, 1.118–4.160; p=0.022).ConclusionsPatients with PAD have a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, especially death, new PAD revascularization, and new carotid endarterectomy, than patients without PAD followed in a vascular surgery clinic.

Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy or delivery complications in China: a representative survey

“…Epidemiological studies have established the association between RLS and diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, but the data are inconsistent [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Ramirez et al reported that preeclampsia is associated with RLS [23], but the findings lack robust supporting evidence.…”

Association of Peripheral Arterial Disease with All-cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality and Cardiovascular Events

“…At 33-month follow-up of 414 persons with PAD and at 48-month follow-up of 89 persons without PAD followed in a vascular surgery clinic, the incidence of death, new stroke/transient ischemic attack, new myocardial infarction, new coronary revascularization, new carotid endarterectomy or new PAD revascularization was significantly higher in patients with PAD (63%) than in persons without PAD (24%) [7]. PAD was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio of 2.2 [7].…”

“…PAD was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio of 2.2 [7].…”

“…PAD was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio of 2.2 [7]. At 5.3-year follow-up of 6,647 men and women between ages 45 to 84 years, an ABI of less than 1.0 was associated with a 77% significant increase in cardiovascular events, and an ABI of 1.40 or higher was associated with a 85% significant increase in cardiovascular events independent of other measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease [8].…”

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Persons with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are at increased risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. At 10-year follow-up of 565 persons, mean age 66 years, PAD significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk=3.1), of mortality from cardiovascular disease (relative risk=5.9), and of mortality from Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (relative risk=6.6) [1].

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