Incidence of metabolic syndrome and its characteristics of patients attending a diabetic outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Objective:We sought to evaluate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic outpatient clinic at tertiary care hospital, Warangal.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in a period of 6 months from January 2011 to June 2011. The study group consisted of 75 type 2 diabetic patients. They were screened for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and clinical characteristics, and other co-morbidities were recorded. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was made as per ATP III guidelines.Results:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significant in men (54.8%) compared to women (45.2%). Incidence of metabolic syndrome was found to be more in normal weight patients (43.56%). Low high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were observed in both rural (90.63%) and urban (95.65%) patients with metabolic syndrome, followed by increase in waist circumference. The mean HDL level was found to be 23.77 mg/dl. Patients in the age group 51-60 years were found to be more affected with metabolic syndrome. Sedentary household female patients (58.3%) and illiterates (41.8%) were suffering from metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome had been suffering with diabetes (duration of diabetes) from 1 to 5 years. In summary, this cross-sectional study characterizes the metabolic and non-metabolic syndromes of type 2 diabetes patients living in Telangana regions, using ATP III guidelines, and generates a biological resource that enables further investigation of numerous hypotheses related to genetic exposure of both in a population.Conclusion:These results suggest that higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in non-obese male patients and was significantly associated with aging. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm the metabolic syndrome in larger population.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors among geriatric population living in a high altitude region of rural Uttarakhand, India

“…It is an important aspect of the present study because most of the studies reported that GS with high BP has high MetS prevalence and it is one of the most prevalent criteria. [ 6 29 34 35 36 ]…”

“…Previous studies reported a higher risk of developing MetS among overweight/OB people compared with those having normal weight. [ 3 29 32 36 ] Preventive lifestyle modification that can lower the BMI should be targeted among GP.…”

Correlation of Alt/Ast Ratio With Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome.

“…Garg et al [13] in their study observed that mean BMI was 28.1 ± 2.1 kg/m2 similar to our study. Kumar et al [9] observed mean BMI of 25±4 kg/m2 in their study. Bhat et al [14] observed a mean BMI of 25.01±3.24 kg/m2 in their study.…”

“…Another study by Kumar et al [9] in Warangal, Andhra pradesh also showed maximum prevalence was found in age group 51 -60 years with a mean of 52.8±11.6 years. Deepa et al [10] conducted a study conducted in Chennai among metabolic syndrome patients defined by IDF criteria showed mean age to be 44 ± 11years.…”

Functional and morphological alterations of the urinary bladder in type 2 diabetic FVBdb/db mice

“…DBD in T2DM is undoubtedly more complex than in T1DM since a large proportion of T2DM patients (30-80%) have metabolic syndrome (MetS) (Kumar et al, 2013), including obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and hypertension, some or all of which may affect bladder function independently (Tai et al, 2010). The higher incidence and the distinctive complex pathophysiology of T2DM, compared with T1DM, should encourage more research to elucidate structural and functional changes of urinary bladder in T2DM, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may suggest different therapeutic targets from those for T1DM.…”