Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Long-Term Chronic Health Problems in Infertile Women

Abstract

Infertility is the inability to conceive for at least 1 year despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Approximately 10%-15% of couples worldwide have infertility problems. Primary infertility is defined as not being pregnant previously, and secondary infertility is defined as having trouble conceiving again despite unprotected intercourse, even though pregnancy has been previously achieved (1).In developed countries, the diseases causing infertility have been attributed to women at a rate of 37%, men at a rate of 8%, and both partners at a rate of 35%. The cause of infertility has not been found in 5% of couples (unexplained infertility). The most common causes of infertility are ovulatory disorders (25%), pelvic adhesions (12%), tubal occlusion (11%), other tubal anomalies (11%), hyperprolactinemia (7%), and endometriosis (15%). A cause has not been found in 20% of cases (2).Before initiating infertility treatment, the patient should be evaluated in terms of obesity. It has been observed that obesity can lead to many problems including chronic oligo-anovulation, menstrual irregularity, subfertility, increased risk of miscarriage, and negative pregnancy results. It has been demonstrated that obesity-related infertility or decreased fertility results from the effects of impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis seen in each step from the selection of the ovarian follicle to implantation (3).Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the presence of three or more criteria among abdominal obesity, hypertension (HT), hyperglycemia, increased triglyceride (TG) level, and decreased highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. These components used for the diagnosis of MetS are also very important for the risk of the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) (4).The present study was performed to evaluate the frequency of MetS and related long-term chronic health problems (such as DM, thyroid dysfunction, HT, hyperlipidemia, and anemia) in infertile Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Long-Term Chronic Health Problems in Infertile WomenIntroduction: Infertility is a condition wherein there is no pregnancy within 1 year despite regular sexual intercourse without birth control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic long-term health problems in infertile female patients. Methods:This cross-sectional and analytical study was retrospectively conducted on 701 women who applied to family medicine outpatient clinic and received a medical report with the complaint of female infertility. The weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and laboratory results of subjects were recorded from the information in the files. MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guideline. Results:The mean age of the 701 infertile women in the study was 29.9±4.4 (20-42) years; 81.6% (n=572) were housewives and 56.8% (n=398) completed primary school and were undergr...

Impact of Obesity in Male and Female Infertility

“…In females alleviated risk of pregnancy loss, subfertility, menstrual irregularities, severe oligo/anovulation are several difficulties in relation to ovarian & neuroendocrine functions supposed to cause by obesity (Kutlu, Özberk, & Görkemli, 2017). In males environmental, endocrine & genetic factors control the infertility as infertility induced by obesity in males is considered multifactorial.…”

The Effect Of Maternal Body Mass Index On Duration Of Induced Labor

“…Sleep apnea, high blood pressure, cardiovascular illness, and psychological issues are all linked to being overweight (7). It also has negative effects on a woman's ability to have children, increasing the likelihood of infertility, miscarriage, and irregular menstrual cycles (8,9). In addition, hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities, which are associated with obesity, can lead to anovulation and infertility (8,10,11).…”

“…It also has negative effects on a woman's ability to have children, increasing the likelihood of infertility, miscarriage, and irregular menstrual cycles (8,9). In addition, hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis abnormalities, which are associated with obesity, can lead to anovulation and infertility (8,10,11). Obese women may need more time in labor before a diagnosis of labor arrest can be made, which has significant consequences for the length of induced labor (12).…”