Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in England and Wales.

Clough, Paul W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.280.6207.112-a

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Studies have indicated a higher than average mortality rate or an elevated prevalence of cancer, multiple sclerosis and tooth decay in these areas (Allen- Price, 1960;Anderson et al, 1976;Hargreaves, 1960;Warren and Delavault, 1967), though such reports lack the sophisticated statistical techniques necessary for thorough epidemiologic investigations (Shaper, 1979). Clough (1980) further suggests that the distribution of As in this environment is an aetiological factor for the high incidence of melanoma of the skin in south-west England. There is also some anecdotal evidence to suggest that local inhabitants may develop a natural tolerance to the high soil concentrations encountered in their environment, since non-local people who have moved into contaminated areas have supposedly suffered from As poisoning caused by the consumption of home produced vegetables grown in gardens reclaimed from former mine dumps (Thomas, 1980).…”

Section: Y1mentioning

confidence: 98%

Soils: their implications to human health

Abrahams

2002

Science of The Total Environment

491

202

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This paper reviews how the health of humans is affected by the world's soils, an association that to date has been under appreciated and under reported. Soils significantly influence a variety of functions (e.g. as a plant growth medium; its importance on the cycling of water; as a foundation for buildings) that sustains the human population. Through ingestion (either deliberate or involuntary), inhalation and dermal absorption, the mineral, chemical and biological components of soils can either be directly beneficial or detrimental to human health. Specific examples include: geohelminth infection and the supply of mineral nutrients and potentially harmful elements (PHEs) via soil ingestion; cancers caused by the inhalation of fibrous minerals or Rn gas derived from the radioactive decay of U and Th in soil minerals; and tetanus, hookworm disease and podoconiosis caused by skin contact and dermal absorption of appropriate soil constituents. Human health can also be influenced in more indirect ways as soils interact with the atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. Examples include: the volatilisation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from soils and their subsequent global redistribution that has health implications to the Aboriginal people of the Arctic; the frequent detrimental chemical and biological quality of drinking and recreational waters that are influenced by processes of soil erosion, surface runoff, interflow and leaching; and the transfer of mineral nutrients and PHEs from soils into the plants and animals that constitute the human food chain. The scale and magnitude of soil/health interactions are variable, but at times a considerable number of people can be affected as demonstrated by the extent of hookworm infection or the number of people at risk because they live in an I-deficient environment. Nevertheless, it can often be difficult to establish definite links between soils and human health. This, together with the emergence of new risks, knowledge, or discoveries, means that there is considerable scope for research in the future. Such investigations should involve a multidisciplinary approach that both acquires knowledge and ensures its dissemination to people in an understandable way. This requires an infrastructure and finance that governments need to be responsive to.

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Section: Y1mentioning

confidence: 98%

Soils: their implications to human health

Abrahams

2002

Science of The Total Environment

491

202

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“… 3 Regarding direct exposure to sun, the male ear per unit area of skin has the highest incidence of melanoma of any part of the body. 4 Chemical carcinogens may also be a risk factor, including polychlorinated biphenyls, and arsenic 5,6 . Controversial results have been shown for oral contraceptives, workers in the telecommunication and electrical industry, and workers exposed to ionizing radiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Chemical carcinogens may also be a risk factor, including polychlorinated biphenyls, and arsenic. 5,6 Controversial results have been shown for oral contraceptives, workers in the telecommunication and electrical industry, and workers exposed to ionizing radiation. 7±17 Little is known about the role of mechanical trauma in the pathogenesis of melanoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trauma and melanoma formation: a true association?

Kaskel

Kind

Sander

et al. 2000

British Journal of Dermatology

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As most of the patients who mentioned a trauma in this study suffered from acral melanoma, or melanoma located on the extremities, a history of trauma should be expected more frequently at these body sites. A review of epidemiological, clinical and scientific research indicates that there seems to be no evidence for single or persistent traumatic events as a causative factor for melanoma formation.

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“…The majority of cases of melanoma in the Chinese population occur on the extremities, namely the hands and feet. 2 Melanoma in Caucasians is closely related to chronic sun damage, 3,4 the use of a sun bed for artificial tanning, exposure to chemical carcinogens, 5 the number of nevi, red hair, 6 family members with melanoma 7 and the presence of large congenital nevi. 8,9 In the Chinese population, melanoma predominantly occurs on the extremities, especially the lower extremities, and it shows less correlation with sun exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%