Incidence of Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive and-Nagative Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from Traveller's Diarrhea and Their Relation to tdh and trh Genes

Suzuki, Norihiko; Ueda, Yasufumi; Furukawa, T.; Takegaki, Y; Miyagi, Kazufumi; Noda, Koji; Hirose, H; Hashimoto, Satoru; Yano, Shusaku; Ishibashi, Masanori; Honda, Takeshi

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.71.417

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A previous study reported that temperature and culture density were the significant factors that affect the hemolysin activation of V. parahaemolyticus [30]. The gastroenteritis also showed a strong correlation with the KP, which is a type of β-hemolysis on the special blood agar and is induced by TDH [31]. A previous study reported that almost all environmental V. parahaemolyticus are tdh-negative and thus negative for KP [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant seafood-borne pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are commonly detected in the genomes of V. parahaemolyticus and the polymorphism of CRISPR patterns has been applied as a genetic marker for tracking its evolution. In this work, a total of 15 pandemic and 36 non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from seafood between 2000 and 2012 were characterized based on hemolytic activity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and CRISPR elements. The results showed that 15/17 of the V. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates carrying the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+) were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged between 0.1 and 0.4, and 45% of the isolates have an MAR index ≥ 0.2. A total of 19 isolates were positive for CRISPR detection, including all tdh+ trh− isolates, two of tdh− trh+, and each of tdh+ trh+ and tdh− trh−. Four spacer types (Sp1 to Sp4) were identified, and CRISPR-positive isolates had at least one type of spacer homolog to the region of Vibrio alginolyticus megaplasmid. It is of interest that a specific CRISPR profile and spacer sequence type was observed with correlations to the hemolysin genotype (tdh/trh). Thus, these provide essential data on the exposure of foreign genetic elements and indicate shared ancestry within different genotypes of V. parahaemolyticus isolates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased chloride secretion followed by elevated intracellular calcium also occurs in intestinal epithelial cells (Takahashi et al, 2000). In some reports, the tdh-negative and trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from 1.1% to 7.8% of overseas travelers with diarrhea in Japan during 1983-1995(Suzuki et al, 1994Obata et al, 1996;Suzuki et al, 1997). Shirai et al (1990) detected the trh gene in > 35% of 214 clinical strains isolated from overseas travelers with diarrhea in a Japanese quarantine in which 24% lacked the tdh gene (Shirai et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiological Evidence of Lesser Role of Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH)–Related Hemolysin (TRH) Than TDH onVibrio parahaemolyticusPathogenicity

Saito¹,

Iwade

Tokuoka

et al. 2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the tdh gene, encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), or the trh gene, encoding the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are both considered virulent strains. There are, however, disproportionally fewer reports of infections caused by seafood contaminated with trh-positive strains than by seafood contaminated with tdh-positive strains. Bivalves such as clams and oysters are the major seafood varieties associated with the infections. In this study, the prevalence of strains possessing the tdh and trh genes was investigated in Japan in 74 samples collected in 2007-2008 and in 177 samples collected in 2010 of domestic bivalves, bloody clams, hen clams, short-neck clams, and rock oysters. The tdh-positive and trh-negative, tdh-negative and trh-positive, and tdh-positive and trh-positive samples represented 5.4%, 12.2%, and 4.1% of all samples collected in 2007-2008, and 5.1%, 18.6%, and 5.6% of all samples collected in 2010, respectively. As determined by polymerase chain reaction, the prevalence of tdh negative and trh positive in all samples was two to four times higher than that of tdh positive and trh negative. In the samples collected in 2010, the tdh-negative and trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus (20 samples) was more often isolated than tdh-positive and trh-negative V. parahaemolyticus (7 samples). The most common serotype of tdh-positive isolates (22 of 24 strains) was pandemic O3:K6. The trh-positive isolates (61 strains) were various serotypes including OUT:KUT. In 330 V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks and sporadic infections in Japan, most outbreaks and sporadic infections were caused by tdh-positive and trh-negative strains (89.4%). The frequencies of infections caused by tdh-negative and trh-positive, and both tdh- and trh-positive strains were 1.2% and 3.0%, respectively. This finding suggests that the virulence of trh might be less than that of tdh, although trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus frequently contaminated bivalves.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the occurrence of TDH in fecal enrichment culture is regarded as a useful marker for the detection of tdhpositive V. parahaemolyticus isolates in stool specimens. Since most cases of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea are caused by tdhpositive strains (1,2,16,17,18), the detection of TDH in fecal enrichment cultures appears to be useful as an adjunct to the diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea. For this purpose, a rapid, simple, and sensitive method to detect TDH is necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, TDH and TRH are regarded as important virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus (5,13), and therefore, strains possessing the tdh gene encoding TDH and/or the trh gene encoding TRH are considered pathogenic strains (14). Since most cases (approximately 90%) of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh-positive strains, including strains that possess both the tdh and trh genes (1,2,16,17,18), tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus is a major causative organism of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) is considered to be a major virulence factor in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and most cases of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh gene-positive strains. In the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay to detect TDH (TDH-ICA) and evaluated the utility of TDH-ICA for the diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea. TDH-ICA allowed the detection of 0.2 ng/ml of TDH within 10 min. Fecal homogenates were spiked with various numbers of tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus organisms, and their enrichment cultures were tested with TDH-ICA. The results of detection of TDH in the enrichment cultures by TDH-ICA were in accord with the results of recovery of the spiked V. parahaemolyticus organisms from the enrichment cultures by plating onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. When enrichment cultures of 217 stool specimens from patients with diarrhea were tested with TDH-ICA, the TDH-ICA results showed 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the results of isolation of V. parahaemolyticus from the stool specimens by a conventional bacterial culture test. Since TDH-ICA was able to detect TDH in a fecal enrichment culture within 10 min, TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture could be completed rapidly and easily within approximately 16 h, including incubation time for the fecal enrichment culture. These results indicate that TDH-ICA is a rapid, simple, and sensitive TDH detection method and that TDH-ICA testing of a fecal enrichment culture is useful as an adjunct to facilitate the early diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major food-borne pathogen that causes diarrhea in humans through seafood consumption, but not all strains are considered to be pathogenic. Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) has been found to be closely associated with the enteropathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus (5). In the late 1980s, cases of diarrhea caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains that did not produce TDH were found (8). The strains produced a new hemolysin that was immunologically similar but not identical to TDH. The hemolysin was referred to as TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). Currently, TDH and TRH are regarded as important virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus (5, 13), and therefore, strains possessing the tdh gene encoding TDH and/or the trh gene encoding TRH are considered pathogenic strains (14). Since most cases (approximately 90%) of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh-positive strains, including strains that possess both the tdh and trh genes (1, 2, 16, 17, 18), tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus is a major causative organism of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea.Cases of V. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are commonly diagnosed by isolating this pathogen from a stool specimen by a bacterial culture test. The test procedure includes the plating of stool or its enrichment culture onto selective agar medium and the subsequent identification of suspected colonies on the agar medium. The identif...

show abstract

Incidence of Kanagawa Phenomenon-Positive and-Nagative Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from Traveller's Diarrhea and Their Relation to tdh and trh Genes

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources

Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources

Epidemiological Evidence of Lesser Role of Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH)–Related Hemolysin (TRH) Than TDH onVibrio parahaemolyticusPathogenicity

Development and Evaluation of a Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay To Detect Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Enrichment Cultures of Stool Specimens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About