Incidence of intramuscular injections in rural dispensaries in developing countries

Vincent-Ballereau, F.; Lafaix, C; Haroche, G.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90727-x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In summary, seven PAFs for HIV associated with injections (two of which are adjusted; see notes to Table 1) average 48%; these and other studies 43 show high rates of exposure to medical injections. The 14 available PAFs for risk by blood transfusion average 5%.…”

Section: Pafs From Studies Of General Population Hospital and High mentioning

confidence: 94%

Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored

Potterat²,

et al. 2003

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The consensus among influential AIDS experts that heterosexual transmission accounts for 90% of HIV infections in African adults emerged no later than 1988. We examine evidence available through 1988, including risk measures associating HIV with sexual behaviour, health care, and socioeconomic variables, HIV in children, and risks for HIV in prostitutes and STD patients. Evidence permits the interpretation that health care exposures caused more HIV than sexual transmission. In general population studies, crude risk measures associate more than half of HIV infections in adults with health care exposures. Early studies did not resolve questions about direction of causation (between injections and HIV) and confound (between injections and STD). Preconceptions about African sexuality and a desire to maintain public trust in health care may have encouraged discounting of evidence. We urge renewed, evidence-based, investigations into the proportion of African HIV from non-sexual exposures.

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Section: Pafs From Studies Of General Population Hospital and High mentioning

confidence: 94%

Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored

Potterat²,

et al. 2003

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“…Use of non-sterile needles may lead to injection abscesses (Soeters SC Aus 1989). In many parts of Africa injections are desired by patients (Reeler 1990;Wyatt 1984). The number of injections given is high and sterilization is not always adequate (Soeters & Aus 1989;Vincent-Ballereau et al 1989;Nwokolo & Parry 1989). There is limited evidence that injections contribute to HIV infection in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection practices in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: prescriptions, patient demand and sterility

Gumodoka

Berege

et al. 1996

Tropical Med Int Health

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This paper describes prescription and sterilization practices in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, before the introduction of interventions aiming at reducing HIV transmission by injections. Sixty-six health facilities from Mwanza Region were included in the study. Data were collected in interviews and questionnaires, through structured observation, bacteriological culture and record analysis. Criteria for avoidable injections were based o n recommendations of the Essential Drugs Programme and on a regional consensus workshop. One in 4 out-patients received an injection 70% of which were avoidable. Most were given for acute respiratory infections, skin diseases and urinary tract infections. Forty per cent of cultures taken from sterilized needles and syringes yielded growth of microorganisms. Of 120 patients interviewed most preferred to be treated with injections for almost any complaint. Patient demand for injections was felt to be a problem in 85% of the health facilities and may have contributed to overprescription of injectables. Consensus treatment and sterilization guidelines as well as a health education programme were developed and introduced to all health workers through seminars.

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Mothers, injections and poliomyelitis

Wyatt

1992

Social Science & Medicine

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Incidence of intramuscular injections in rural dispensaries in developing countries

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored

Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored

Injection practices in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: prescriptions, patient demand and sterility

Mothers, injections and poliomyelitis

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