Incidence of Herpes Zoster, Before and After Varicella‐Vaccination–Associated Decreases in the Incidence of Varicella, 1992–2002

Jumaan, Aisha O.; Yu, Onchee; Jackson, Lisa A.; Bohlke, Karin; Galil, Karin; Seward, Jane F.

doi:10.1086/430325

Cited by 252 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Studies of the impact of introduction of the varicella vaccine on zoster incidence have shown inconsistent findings. Jumaan et al [32] report no increase in zoster incidence between 1993 and 2002 among patients enrolled with a health insurance organization in Washington state [32]. In contrast, two further US studies report increases in zoster incidence rates following varicella vaccination.…”

Section: Temporal Changes In Incidencementioning

confidence: 97%

The Epidemiology and Prevention of Herpes Zoster

2012

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Herpes zoster is a common disease among older individuals, affecting approximately 25% of people in their lifetime and resulting in appreciable morbidity. The risk of zoster increases sharply with age and immunosuppression, yet relatively little is known about other risk factors for zoster. A vaccine for zoster is now available that holds the potential to reduce incidence of zoster and its complications. In this review, the recent literature on zoster incidence and potential risk factors for the disease are summarized. Current methods of preventing zoster and its associated morbidity are discussed, including zoster vaccine and the use of antivirals.

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Section: Temporal Changes In Incidencementioning

confidence: 97%

The Epidemiology and Prevention of Herpes Zoster

2012

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“…4,5 Among patients aged 20 to 59 years, there was an increase in the rate of HZ-related ED visits from 2006 to 2013, which may have been partially due to an elevated rate of ED visits for all indications in this age group. However, HZrelated ED visits represented an increasing percentage of all ED visits over this time period, which suggests a rising disease incidence in this age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this trend is currently unknown. [4][5][6] According to a hypothesis proposed by Hope-Simpson, exposure to primary varicella or subclinical latent varicella zoster virus can boost varicella zoster virus-specific immunity and reduce the risk of HZ. 7 A liveattenuated vaccine for varicella was introduced into the US vaccination schedule in 1995 for children aged 12 months or older, with subsequent significant declines in the incidence of varicella.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, studies examining the effect on the overall population rates in the United States with observation periods ranging from 1992 through 2010 have been inconclusive. [3][4][5][6]9 A live-attenuated vaccine for HZ has been available in the United States since 2006. The vaccine reduces the likelihood of developing HZ by 51.3% in individuals aged 60 years or older, and vaccinated individuals who develop HZ usually have less severe disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trends in Nationwide Herpes Zoster Emergency Department Utilization From 2006 to 2013

2017

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IMPORTANCEThe effect of vaccination on emergency department (ED) utilization for herpes zoster (HZ) has not been examined to date.OBJECTIVE To determine trends in US ED utilization and costs associated with HZ. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample data set was examined for temporal trends in the number of visits and costs for treatment of HZ in EDs in the United States from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2013. Cases of HZ were identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Patients were stratified by age: less than 20 years (varicella vaccine recommended), 20 to 59 years (no vaccine recommended), and 60 years or older (HZ vaccine recommended). Population-based rates were estimated using sampling weights. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESPopulation-based incidence rates of HZ-related ED visits, charge for ED services, and total charges. RESULTS A total of 1 350 957 ED visits for HZ were identified between 2006 and 2013, representing 0.13% of all US ED visits. Of these patients, 563 200 (51.7%) were male; mean (SE) age was 54.0 (0.1) years. Between 2006 and 2013, the percentage of HZ-related ED visits increased from 0.13% to 0.14% (8.3%). This growth was driven by patients aged 20 to 59 years (increase of 22.8% [from 0.12% to 0.14% of ED visits]) while the proportion of ED HZ visits decreased for patients aged less than 20 years and 60 years or older, from 0.03% to 0.02% (−39.6%) and from 0.28% to 0.25% (−10.9%), respectively. For all age groups, there

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“…Ähnliche Beobachtungen liegen aus den USA vor [4,6,32]. In multivariaten Analysen ließ sich in den USA bislang kein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Anstieg der Zoster-Inzidenz und der Varizellenimpfung nachweisen [6], zumal der Herpes zoster durch zahlreiche Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, Komorbidität und Weiteres deutlich beeinflusst wird.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified