Incidence of extrapyramidal syndromes in AIDS patients and a comparison group of medically ill inpatients

Ramachandran, Gayatri; Glickman, Lewis; Levenson, Jon A.; Rao, Chandrakant

doi:10.1176/jnp.9.4.579

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Factors associated with signs of extrapyramidal dysfunction in HIV infection include age (Valcour et al 2008), history of AIDS (Ramachandran et al 1997), and certain antiretroviral medications (Sacktor et al 2003). Didanosine, stavudine (Cherry et al 2006; but see Schifitto et al 2002), and some protease inhibitors (Crabb 2004) are also associated with sensory peripheral neuropathy in HIV infection (Lopez et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pontocerebellar contribution to postural instability and psychomotor slowing in HIV infection without dementia

Sullivan

Rosenbloom

Rohlfing

et al. 2010

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Postural instability occurs in HIV infection, but quantitative balance tests in conjunction with neuroimaging are lacking. We examined whether infratentorial brain tissue volume would be deficient in nondemented HIV-infected individuals and whether selective tissue deficits would be related to postural stability and psychomotor speed performance. The 123 participants included 28 men and 12 women with HIV infection without dementia or alcohol use disorders, and 40 men and 43 women without medical or psychiatric conditions. Participants completed quantitative balance testing, Digit Symbol test, and a test of finger movement speed and dexterity. An infratentorial brain region, supratentorial ventricular system, and corpus callosum were quantified with MRI-derived atlas-based parcellation, and together with archival DTI-derived fiber tracking of pontocerebellar and internal and external capsule fiber systems, brain measures were correlated with test performance. The tissue ratio of the infratentorium was ~3% smaller in the HIV than control group. The HIV group exhibited performance deficits in balancing on one foot, walking toe-to-heel, Digit Symbol substitution task, and time to complete all Digit Symbol grid boxes. Total infratentorial tissue ratio was a significant predictor of balance and Digit Symbol scores. Balance scores did not correlate significantly with ventricular volumes, callosal size, or internal or external capsule fiber integrity but did so with indices of pontocerebellar tract integrity. HIV-infected individuals specifically recruited to be without complications from alcohol use disorders had pontocerebellar tissue volume deficits with functional ramifications. Postural stability and psychomotor speed were impaired and attributable, at least in part, to compromised infratentorial brain systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pontocerebellar contribution to postural instability and psychomotor slowing in HIV infection without dementia

Sullivan

Rosenbloom

Rohlfing

et al. 2010

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Management of common psychiatric conditions in the HIV-positive population

Brogan¹,

Lux

2009

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep

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Presentation and management of psychiatric illness in HIV-infected patients can pose a challenge for clinicians. Psychiatric illness can exist premorbidly or result from the progression and treatment of HIV infection, influencing the course of the illness both through behavior and putative biological factors. Mood disorders, anxiety, psychosis, delirium, dementia, and substance abuse disorders all factor heavily into the care of HIV-infected patients. Management, however, continues to draw on small and skewed datasets, and remains largely an extrapolation from seronegative patient experience. The following is a discussion of treatment considerations derived from recent literature, as well as a consideration of judgments that clinicians may make in the absence of available data. The use of antidepressants, stimulants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics is discussed, as are precautions that must be taken with the HIV population when using these medications, not only because of side effect vulnerability, but because of significant drug-drug interactions.

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HIV-1 gp120 neurotoxicity proximally and at a distance from the point of exposure: Protection by rSV40 delivery of antioxidant enzymes

Louboutin

Agrawal

Reyes

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Disease

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Incidence of extrapyramidal syndromes in AIDS patients and a comparison group of medically ill inpatients

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Pontocerebellar contribution to postural instability and psychomotor slowing in HIV infection without dementia

Pontocerebellar contribution to postural instability and psychomotor slowing in HIV infection without dementia

Management of common psychiatric conditions in the HIV-positive population

HIV-1 gp120 neurotoxicity proximally and at a distance from the point of exposure: Protection by rSV40 delivery of antioxidant enzymes

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