Incidence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants in India

Barman, Nagendra Nath; Choudhury, Bhaskar; Kumar, Vishnu; Koul, Monika; Gogoi, Sailen; Khatoon, Elina; Chakroborty, Amitabha; Basumatary, P.; Barua, Barnali; Rahman, Taibur; Das, S. K.; Kumar, Sachin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.001

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lesions of haemorrhagic nature were observed in most of the visceral organs and tissues including heart, liver, lung, intestine, mesentery, tongue, and pharynx. Similar findings of acute onset of illness and sudden death due to haemorrhagic disease in EEHV-1A-infected juvenile elephants has been described previously as the virus infects epithelial and endothelial cells [1,4,7,30]. We detected EEHV-1A DNA in various organs and tissues of the infected elephants, as was reported earlier [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The viruses, which were described to cause skin nodules and local infections in the 1970s, have caused severe fatal hemorrhagic disease outbreaks since the late 1980s [1,3,27,28,29]. Today, EEHVs are considered ubiquitous in Asian elephant populations in captivity and in free range throughout the world [6,9,30]. Like other herpesviruses, EEHVs seem to have successfully co-evolved with their hosts and established a well-balanced adaptation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Pavulraj

Eschke

Prahl³

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) can cause a devastating haemorrhagic disease in young Asian elephants worldwide. Here, we report the death of two young Asian elephants after suffering from acute haemorrhagic disease due to EEHV-1A infection. We detected widespread distribution of EEHV-1A in various organs and tissues of the infected elephants. Enveloped viral particles accumulated within and around cytoplasmic electron-dense bodies in hepatic endothelial cells were detected. Attempts to isolate the virus on different cell cultures showed limited virus replication; however, late viral protein expression was detected in infected cells. We further showed that glycoprotein B (gB) of EEHV-1A possesses a conserved cleavage site Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg that is targeted by the cellular protease furin, similar to other members of the Herpesviridae. We have determined the complete 180 kb genome sequence of EEHV-1A isolated from the liver by next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly. As virus isolation in vitro has been unsuccessful and limited information is available regarding the function of viral proteins, we have attempted to take the initial steps in the development of suitable cell culture system and virus characterization. In addition, the complete genome sequence of an EEHV-1A in Europe will facilitate future studies on the epidemiology and diagnosis of EEHV infection in elephants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Pavulraj

Eschke

Prahl³

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Standard operating procedure for the detection of EEHV was done as per the procedure described by Richman et al [1], Latimer et al [6], Barman et al [13], Stanton et al [14]. Three selected EEHV 1A gene loci representing U38/POL, U51/vG, and U77/HEL were targeted for PCR amplification.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr) Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/November-2019/15.pdf Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu forest reserves, and Madras Zoo [12]. A positive case of EEHV1A infection has also been reported from captive Asiatic elephants of Assam [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam, India

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aim: Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is an emerging disease of elephant. Therefore, a study was conducted to know the actual status of the disease in Assam State of India. Materials and Methods: A total of 289 Asian elephants of Assam were screened during 2 years of study from April 2017 to March 2019. The clinical symptoms of diseased as well as gross and histopathological changes of dead elephants were recorded for the diagnosis of the disease. Virus involved in the occurrence of the disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In the present study, a total of three elephant calves out of 22 were found positive to EEHV1A. On the other hand, three adult asymptomatic elephants were also found positive for EEHV1 on screening 267 captive Asian elephants of Assam. The amplified PCR product showed band size of 520, 600, and 930 bp. The PCR amplified product with size 600 bp had shown the gene sequence for EEHV1U77/HEL. Gross lesions include congested blood vessels of the liver and intestinal mucosa, foci of petechiae in the spleen, and heart and focal ulceration in the dorsal surface of the tongue. Microscopically, the kidneys showed intertubular edema and focal areas of degeneration associated with coagulative necrosis of the tubular epithelium. The liver showed hydropic degeneration and fatty changes of the hepatocytes. There was a massive proliferation of fibroblasts in the interlobular spaces which penetrated the necrosed areas of the hepatic lobules. Conclusion: A total of three wild rescued elephant calves and three asymptomatic adults were found positive for EEHV1A during the 2 years of study. The PCR amplified product with size 600 bp had shown the gene sequence for EEHV1U77/HEL.

show abstract

“…Despite many reports of confirmed EEHV cases, there is no evidence of epidemic outbreaks of EEHV. Rather, it is considered a sporadic rather than an endemic disease [1,13–15] that affects both Asian and African elephant species [1,10–12,16,17]. The taxonomic classification of EEHV has it in the genus Proboscivirus , subfamily Betaherpesvirinae , family Herpesviridae , order Herpesviruses [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival analysis of confirmed elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus cases in Thailand from 2006 – 2018

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) has been a known cause of death of young elephants in Thailand for over a decade. In this study, we report on the demography, disease characteristics and mortality of 58 elephants with confirmed EEHV hemorrhagic disease between January 2006 and August 2018 using retrospective data subjected to survival analysis. Median age of EEHV presentation was 29 months, and the mortality rate was 68.97% with a median survival time of 36 h. Most EEHV cases occurred in the north of Thailand, the region where most of the country’s captive elephants reside. The hazard ratio analysis identified application of medical procedures and antiviral medications as being significant factors correlated to the risk of death. Our results indicate a need to focus EEHV monitoring efforts on young elephants and to follow current protocols that advise starting treatments before clinical signs appear.

show abstract

Incidence of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants in India

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Endotheliotropic herpesvirus infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Assam, India

Survival analysis of confirmed elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus cases in Thailand from 2006 – 2018

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About