Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs presented at University of Nigeria, Nsukka Veterinary Teaching Hospital using wet smear and buffy coat techniques

Ugochukwu, Chukwuebuka Iniobong Ikenna; Omekam, Nebolisah; Ugochukwu, Emmanuel Ikenna

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61098-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There was also higher prevalence rate of positive cases in older dogs than in young ones. This agrees with previous reports by Ugochukwu et al (2016) and Ogbaje and Abel-Danjuma (2016), who all reported higher prevalence rates of infection in older, male and outdoor dogs. This may likely be attributable to the long incubation period of the worm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State

Ezema¹,

Mustapha²,

Mairiga³

et al. 2022

AJBAR

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Dirofilaria immitis infection is a major potential life threatening disease of dogs with worldwide distribution and of zoonotic importance. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of D. immitis. A total of 250 blood samples were randomly collected from dogs in the study area. The examination for D. immitis infection was carried out based on the conventional and immunological procedures using wet mount and Buffy coat methods. The total prevalence of D. immitis was 100 (40.00%). The prevalence of D. immitis in the adult dogs was 62 (24.80%) while, in the young dogs was 38 (15.20%). The prevalence of D. immitis in the male dogs was 54 (21.60%) while, 46 (18.40%) was the prevalence of the female dogs. The prevalence of outdoor dogs was 64 (25.60%) while, that of the indoor dogs was 36 (14.40%). The dogs with thin body condition scores had a prevalence of 80 (32.00%) while, the overweight (obesed) dogs were 20 (8.00%). However, the prevalence of D. immitis is higher in the adult, male and outdoor dogs compared to the young, female and indoor dogs. Therefore, the present study revealed a high prevalence of D. immitis infection in the study area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State

Ezema¹,

Mustapha²,

Mairiga³

et al. 2022

AJBAR

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“…Canine dirofilariasis, also called heartworm disease, is a non-contagious, parasitic disease caused by a filarial/small thread-like worm, Dirofilaria immitis of the family Onchocercidae [20]. The parasite is one of the most pathogenic nematodes distributed worldwide, primarily affecting dogs and cats [34]. Mosquitoes (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles species) are the vectors which transmit this parasite from host to host [18].…”

Section: Etiology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Dirofilariasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Adebayo

Akande²,

Adenubi

2020

Folia Veterinaria

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Dirofilariasis is a disease of clinical importance in dogs. It is to this end that a case of a seven-year-old mongrel with dirofilariasis was presented to examine the unique features and presentation in the canine patient in question. The dog had clinical signs consistent with the disease. Further diagnostic tests were performed to establish the presence and severity of the disease and make an appropriate treatment plan. The Knott’s test revealed Dirofilaria species in the circulating blood and radiography showed right ventricular hypertrophy with pulmonary arterial enlargement and increased bronchial opacification. The treatment instituted was ivermectin therapy by subcutaneous injection every two weeks for six months, cardiac glycoside and antibiotics for 14 days. The clinical signs resolved after completion of the treatment. A general overview of heartworm infection in dogs was also done to update current knowledge of the disease. Though the risk of significant propagation of Dirofilaria immitis is considered low, with the climate change and international pet travel regulations, this emerging zoonosis remains a threat.

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“…In particular, the prevalence of D. immitis in dogs ranged from 17% to 28% in Korea (Lee et al, 1996), from 2.5% to 33.3% in Mexico (González-Morteo, 2015), it is 1.0% in South Australia (Copland et al, 1992), 5.5% in Brazil (Reifur et al, 2004), 19.0% in Spain (Montoya-Alonso et al, 2010, 20.9% in South Korea (Song et al, 2010), and 30.8% in South Africa (Schwand & Durand, 2002). The prevalence of dog dirofilariasis in Nigeria ranged from 2.1% to 4.8% (Ogbaje & Danjuma, 2016;Ugochukwu et al, 2016;Ezema et al, 2019). This analysis provides a sufficiently high and specific sensitivity for accurate generic identification of heartworms, including D. immitis (Albonico et al, 2014;Borthakur et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

Kryvoruchenko

Prykhodko

Mazannyі

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Heartworm disease is a widespread anthropozoonotic disease of carnivorous animals, as well as humans. It is caused by nematodes belonging to the suborder Filariata, family Onchocercidae, genus Dirofilaria. There are about 26 species of heartworms in nature, the most common and pathogenic species in dogs and cats in most countries is Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, 1856. Mature helminths parasitize in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries, large veins of animals and cause heart and vascular disorders, and death. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the features of morphological and metric structure of adult nematodes of D. immitis isolated from the heart of dogs. Morphological studies have shown that in males the most characteristic differential features are the presence of two unequal spicules, specifically positioned relative to each other, as well as well-defined preanal and less pronounced adanal and postanal papillae. In female heartworms, the characteristic morphological features are the shape and location of the vulva. There is a difference in the structure of the esophagus in males and females. In females, the anterior and posterior parts of the esophagus are well expressed, with enlargements, in males these divisions are not pronounced. To increase the efficiency of species identification of D. immitis nematodes, it is proposed to use metric parameters that characterize the overall body size, body and width of esophagus in different areas, length of esophagus, and the location of the nerve ring. In males, 11 indicators are also suggested that characterize the size of the spicules and the location of the cloaca. In females, seven additional parameters are pointed out that characterize the location of the vulva, anus and body width in these areas. The obtained data expand the already existing data on the peculiarities of the morphological structure of parasitic nematodes of the species D. immitis and their identification.

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Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs presented at University of Nigeria, Nsukka Veterinary Teaching Hospital using wet smear and buffy coat techniques

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Dogs in Maiduguri, Borno State

Canine Dirofilariasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Differential diagnosis of Dirofilaria immitis nematodes (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)

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