Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Zabeen, Bedowra; Maniam, Jayanthi; Balsa, Ana Margarida; Tayyeb, Samin; Huda, Kamrul; Azad, Kishwar

doi:10.1515/jpem-2020-0671

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Moreover, T1D incidence in younger than 15 years age group was 1.04 in 2011 and 1.42 in 2018. In this study, there was no significant increase in the incidence of childhood T1D over 2011–2018 [15].…”

Section: Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 60%

The increase in diabetes in children from underdeveloped countries

Zhang,

Luo

2024

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents has been increased over decades worldwide. Recent studies showed that the trend of T1D incidences were different between developed and underdeveloped countries. This review aimed to summarize the changes of childhood T1D incidences in underdeveloped countries over the past decade. Recent findings Majority of the underdeveloped countries lacked of nationwide population-based studies on childhood T1D. We reviewed the trend of childhood T1D in important underdeveloped countries with available data in recent years. The incidences of childhood T1D in underdeveloped countries were low decades ago, but it increased significantly recently, particularly in the sub-Saharan African, Middle East and North African regions. Summary The incidences of childhood T1D increased significantly in underdeveloped countries, especially in the sub-Saharan African, Middle East and North African regions. T1D registry and population-based studies are helpful to understand the situation and characteristic of childhood T1D in underdeveloped countries.

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Section: Reviewcontrasting

confidence: 60%

The increase in diabetes in children from underdeveloped countries

Zhang,

Luo

2024

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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“…The potential for misclassification can also occur in childhood and adolescent populations as well, due to the heterogeneity of T1D [ 18 , 19 ], which appears to be more pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia [ 5 , 20 ].…”

Section: Data Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T1D Index: Implications of Initial Results, Data Limitations, and Future Development

Ogle,

Gregory,

Wang

et al. 2023

Curr Diab Rep

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Purpose of the Review Current global information on incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap in evidence, JDRF, Life for a Child, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, and International Diabetes Federation have developed the T1D Index, which uses a Markov mathematical model, and machine learning and all available data to provide global estimates of the burden on T1D. This review assesses the methodology, limitations, current findings, and future directions of the Index. Recent Findings Global prevalence was estimated at 8.4 million in 2021, with 1.5 million <20 years (y). T1D prevalence varied from 1.5 to 534 per 100,000, with T1D accounting for <0.1–17.8% of all diabetes in different countries. A total of 35,000 young people <25 y are estimated to have died at clinical onset of T1D from non-diagnosis. An estimated 435,000 people <25 y were receiving “minimal care.” Health-adjusted life years (HALYs) lost for individuals diagnosed with T1D at age 10 y in 2021 ranged from 14 to 55 y. Summary These results show that interventions to reduce deaths from non-diagnosis, and improve access to at least an intermediate care level, are needed to reduce projected life years lost. The results have significant uncertainties due to incomplete data across the required inputs. Obtaining recent incidence, prevalence, and mortality data, as well as addressing data quality issues, misdiagnoses, and the lack of adult data, is essential for maintaining and improving accuracy. The index will be updated regularly as new data become available.

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“…In addition, the increase in childhood-onset diabetes in Bangladesh is concerning. A retrospective study conducted using the clinical records of the diabetic association of Bangladesh revealed that from 2011 to 2018, in total, 725 children and adolescents (< 20 years old) were diagnosed diabetic, with a 12% average annual increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal femur length and risk of diabetes in adolescence: a prospective cohort study

Sayeed,

Akhtar,

Roy

et al. 2024

Trop Med Health

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Background Diabetes is more apparent in adulthood but may be dormant in childhood and originates during early fetal development. In fetal biometry, femur length (FL) is crucial for assessing fetal growth and development. This study aimed to assess potential associations between fetal femur growth and prediabetic biomarkers in Bangladeshi children. Methods A cohort study embedded in a population-based maternal food and micronutrient supplementation (MINIMat) trial was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. The children in the cohort were followed up until 15 years of age. In the original trial, pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound before 13 gestational weeks (GWs). Afterward, ultrasound assessments were performed at 14, 19, and 30 GWs. FL was measured from one end to the other, capturing a complete femoral image. The FL was standardized by GW, and a z-score was calculated. FBG and HbA1c levels were determined in plasma and whole blood, and the triglyceride–glucose index, a biomarker of insulin resistance, was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Multivariable linear regression analysis using a generalized linear model was performed to estimate the effects of FL at 14, 19 and 30 GWs on prediabetic biomarkers at 9 and 15 years of age. Maternal micronutrient and food supplementation group, parity, child sex, and BMI at 9 years or 15 years were included as covariates. Results A total of 1.2% (6/515) of the participants had impaired fasting glucose during preadolescence, which increased to 3.5% (15/433) during adolescence. At 9 years, 6.3% (32/508) of the participants had elevated HbA1c%, which increased to 28% (120/431) at 15 years. Additionally, the TyG index increased from 9.5% (49/515) (during preadolescence) to 13% (56/433) (during adolescence). A one standard deviation decrease in FL at 14 and 19 GWs was associated with increased FBG (β = − 0.44 [− 0.88, − 0.004], P = 0.048; β = − 0.59 [− 1.12, − 0.05], P = 0.031) and HbA1c (β = − 0.01; [− 0.03, -0.005], P = 0.007; β = − 0.01 [− 0.03, − 0.003], P = 0.018) levels at 15 years. FL was not associated with diabetic biomarkers at 9 years. Conclusion Mid-trimester impaired femur growth may be associated with elevated prediabetic biomarkers in Bangladeshi adolescents.

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Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

The increase in diabetes in children from underdeveloped countries

The increase in diabetes in children from underdeveloped countries

The T1D Index: Implications of Initial Results, Data Limitations, and Future Development

Fetal femur length and risk of diabetes in adolescence: a prospective cohort study

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