Incidence of curable sexually transmissible infections among adolescents and young adults in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: analysis of longitudinal clinical service data

Silver, Bronwyn; Guy, Rebecca; Wand, Handan; Ward, James; Rumbold, Alice; Fairley, Christopher K.; Donovan, Basil; Maher, Lisa; Dyda, Amalie; Garton, Linda; Hengel, Belinda; Knox, Janet; McGregor, Skye; Taylor-Thomson, Debbie; Kaldor, John

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2014-051617

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Although nucleic acid amplification tests are highly appropriate for the detection of genital gonococcal infection, In addition PCR test for demonstration of Neisseria gonorrhoeae detection in urine samples has lower sensitivity (5). By contrast in Australia, baseline prevalence was 9.5% for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which was higher than our result (32). “The reasons for discrepancy in gonorrhea rates are not well understand, while probably include differences in access to health services and utilization, sample size, geographic clustering of populations, other interrelated social and economic factors, and sexual partner choices along both socioeconomic and racial lines “(33).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The frequency of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections in Zanjanian women in 2013-2014

Molaei

Mohmmadian

Eftekhar

et al. 2017

IJRM

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Background: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in women.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections and determination of related risk factors in married women with vaginal discharge attending gynecological outpatient department (OPD) in Zanjan in 2013-2014.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 100 married women aged 18-49 years with vaginal discharge were evaluated for signs and symptoms of gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Then cervical discharge samples and blood samples were collected from each subject for the detection of Nisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis by bacterial culture and serological tests, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Nisseria gonorrhoeae were 16% and 4%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the contraception methods, previous history of vaginal infections, previous history of urinary tract infections, number of coitus per week and self-reported symptoms (itching, burning, abdominal pain) with prevalence of Nisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Conclusion: According to our results, the prevalence of gonococci infection in Zanjan was remarkable and relatively was higher than other parts of Iran, therefore it is necessary to put emphasis on education and further preventive and therapeutic programs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The frequency of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections in Zanjanian women in 2013-2014

Molaei

Mohmmadian

Eftekhar

et al. 2017

IJRM

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“…Remote communities experience very high rates of CT and NG infections (807 and 532 per 100 000 respectively) compared with major urban settings (327 and 101 per 100 000 respectively) 19. Prevalence estimates for CT and NG are high (11% and 9% respectively) in these remote communities, reaching 26% for CT among women and 21% for NG for men aged 16–19 years 20. With delays in return of laboratory results and a highly mobile population, there can be substantial delays to treatment (average of 3 weeks) 21.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this operational performance assessment, assuming a positivity of 10% for each of CT and NG20 and POC test concordance of 95% or above, we aimed to include a minimum of 1000 POC tests (100 POC test positives). Estimated CIs around positive concordance were ±5% and negative concordance ±2%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea used at point of care in remote primary healthcare settings: a diagnostic test evaluation

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesA new molecular test for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) (GeneXpert CT/NG) has been demonstrated to be as accurate as conventional nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), but performance has not been evaluated in routine primary care, performed at the point of care by clinicians. We aimed to examine its diagnostic performance when used by clinicians in remote community health services in Australia with high prevalences of CT and NG infection. The trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (#12613000808741)MethodsAt 12 health services, training was provided to 99 clinicians in the use of the GeneXpert CT/NG assay who tested specimens from all patients undergoing STI screening. Specimens were also sent in parallel for conventional laboratory-based NAATs and the concordance of results was evaluated.ResultsClinicians conducted 2486 tests: CT concordance was 99.4% (95% CI 99.1 to 99.7) with a positive concordance of 98.6% (95% CI 95.9 to 99.7) and negative concordance of 99.5% (95% CI 99.1 to 99.8); NG concordance was 99.9% (95% CI 99.7 to 100.0) with a positive concordance of 100.0% (95% CI 97.5 to 100.0) and negative concordance of 99.9% (95% CI 99.7 to 100.0).ConclusionsIn this first study reporting routine point-of-care use of GeneXpert CT/NG by primary care clinicians, we found excellent concordance with conventional NAATs. The use of the GeneXpert CT/NG at the point of care could potentially transform management and control of these infections in many endemic settings, including low/middle-income countries.

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“…In Australia, TV is most common in rural locations and remote Aboriginal communities where the incidence in 16–19 year olds was reported to be 19.8 and 3.6 per 100 person-years in young women and men, respectively 2. A large proportion of TV infections are asymptomatic, and if left undiagnosed and untreated, TV increases the risk of perinatal morbidity such as premature delivery and low birth weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary evaluation of a new GeneXpert (Gx) molecular point-of-care test for the detection ofTrichomonas vaginalis: Table 1

Badman¹,

Causer²,

Guy³

et al. 2015

Sex Transm Infect

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Incidence of curable sexually transmissible infections among adolescents and young adults in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: analysis of longitudinal clinical service data

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

The frequency of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections in Zanjanian women in 2013-2014

The frequency of gonorrheal and chlamydial infections in Zanjanian women in 2013-2014

Molecular test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea used at point of care in remote primary healthcare settings: a diagnostic test evaluation

A preliminary evaluation of a new GeneXpert (Gx) molecular point-of-care test for the detection ofTrichomonas vaginalis: Table 1

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