Incidence of Coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a region in which the organism is endemic

Shubitz, Lisa F.; Butkiewicz, Christine D.; Dial, Sharon M.; Lindan, Christina

doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.1846

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…More recently, studies have used the gold-standard assay for antibody detection, agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), to investigate dogs as a sentinel species for human cases [16]. Both prevalence and incidence of Coccidioides exposure in dogs were assessed in southern Arizona, an area known to be highly endemic for coccidioidomycosis [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

et al. 2017

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Coccidioides is a soil-dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, a disease also known as Valley fever, which affects humans and a variety of animal species. Recent findings of Coccidioides in new, unexpected areas of the United States have demonstrated the need for a better understanding of its geographic distribution. Large serological studies on animals could provide important information on the geographic distribution of this pathogen. To facilitate such studies, we used protein A/G, a recombinant protein that binds IgG antibodies from a variety of mammalian species, to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that detects IgG antibodies against Coccidioides in a highly sensitive and high-throughput manner. We showed the potential of this assay to be adapted to multiple animal species by testing a collection of serum and/or plasma samples from dogs, mice, and humans with or without confirmed coccidioidomycosis. We then evaluated the performance of the assay in dogs, using sera from dogs residing in a highly endemic area, and found seropositivity rates significantly higher than those in dogs of non-endemic areas. We further evaluated the specificity of the assay in dogs infected with other fungal pathogens known to cross-react with Coccidioides. Finally, we used the assay to perform a cross-sectional serosurvey investigating dogs from Washington, a state in which infection with Coccidioides has recently been documented. In summary, we have developed a Coccidioides EIA for the detection of antibodies in canines that is more sensitive and has higher throughput than currently available methods, and by testing this assay in mice and humans, we have shown a proof of principle of its adaptability for other animal species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both prevalence and incidence of Coccidioides exposure in dogs were assessed in southern Arizona, an area known to be highly endemic for coccidioidomycosis [16]. In addition, dogs have been used in California and Texas to model the spatial distribution of Coccidioides and identify areas of high risk exposure for humans [17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

et al. 2017

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“…Antibodies also may be detected in apparently healthy dogs, however (10). In a prospective, longitudinal study from Arizona, only 5 of 28 dogs (18%) with positive antibody tests for coccidioidomycosis were judged to have clinical disease (10).…”

Section: T He Diagnosis Of Coccidioidomycosis In Dogs Is Usually Basementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a prospective, longitudinal study from Arizona, only 5 of 28 dogs (18%) with positive antibody tests for coccidioidomycosis were judged to have clinical disease (10). Furthermore, titers overlapped in dogs with clinical coccidioidomycosis and those without clinical disease, supporting the need for additional tests, such as cytology, histopathology, and culture, to establish the diagnosis of clinical coccidioidomycosis (10). Nevertheless, AGID titers of at least 1:16 are highly suggestive of clinically relevant coccidioidomycosis in ill dogs (6).…”

Section: T He Diagnosis Of Coccidioidomycosis In Dogs Is Usually Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Coccidioides Antigen Detection in Dogs with Coccidioidomycosis

Kirsch¹,

Greene

Prahl

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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dAntigen detection has been reported to be a promising method for rapid diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in humans. Coccidioides antigen detection has not been previously reported in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and was evaluated in 60 cases diagnosed based on detection of anti-Coccidioides antibodies at titers of 1:16 or more in serum. Controls included dogs with presumed histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, other fungal infections, or nonfungal diseases and healthy dogs. Urine and serum specimens were tested using an enzyme immunoassay for Coccidioides galactomannan antigen. Antibody testing was performed at commercial veterinary reference laboratories. Antigen was detected in urine or serum of 12 of 60 (20.0%), urine only in 2 of 57 (3.5%), and serum only in 11 of 58 (19.0%) dogs with coccidioidomycosis. Antigen was detected in the urine of 3 of 43 (7.0%) and serum of 1 of 37 (2.7%) dogs with histoplasmosis or blastomycosis but not in 13 dogs with other fungal infections (serum, 9; urine, 13), 41 dogs with nonfungal diseases (urine, 41; serum, 18), or healthy dogs (serum, 21; urine, 21). Detection of antigen was an insensitive method for diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in dogs in which the diagnosis was based primarily upon detection of antibodies at titers of 1:16 or higher, and the highest sensitivity was in serum.

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“…Among humans, African-Americans and Filipinos are more susceptible to severe disease (12). In animals, entire species of animals, such as domestic cattle (29), appear highly resistant to clinical disease, while the dog shares a rate and range of subclinical and clinical illness very similar to that of people (37) and some breeds of dogs appear more susceptible to severe disease (10,30,36). Despite these clinically observed differences, little is known about the histological correlates among susceptible and resistant host responses.…”

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Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses Differ from Innate Responses in Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Mice Infected withCoccidioides posadasii

et al. 2008

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Susceptibility to Coccidioides spp. varies widely in humans and other mammals and also among individuals within a species. Among strains of mice with various susceptibilities, immunohistopathology revealed that C57BL/6 mice were highly susceptible to the disease following intranasal infection, DBA/2n mice were intermediate, and Swiss-Webster mice were innately resistant. Resistant Swiss-Webster mice developed prominent perivascular/peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffing and well-formed granulomas with few fungal elements and debris in the necrotic center, surrounded by a mantle of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibrocytes. Susceptible C57BL/6 mice became moribund between 14 and 18 days postinfection, with overwhelming numbers of neutrophils and spherules and very few T cells, the drastic reduction of which was associated with failure and death, while intermediate DBA/2n mice controlled the fungal burden but demonstrated progressive lung inflammation with prominent suppuration, and they deteriorated clinically. Vaccinated C57BL/6 mice had an early and robust lymphocyte response, which included significantly higher Mac2 ؉ , CD3 ؉ , and CD4 ؉ cell scores on day 18 than those of innately resistant SW mice and DBA/2n mice; they also had prominent perivascular/ peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates not present in their unvaccinated counterparts, and they appeared to be resolving lesions by day 56 compared to the other two strains, based on significantly lower disease scores and observably smaller and fewer lesions with few spherules and neutrophils.

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Incidence of Coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a region in which the organism is endemic

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

Development of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against Coccidioides in dogs and other mammalian species

Evaluation of Coccidioides Antigen Detection in Dogs with Coccidioidomycosis

Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immune Responses Differ from Innate Responses in Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Mice Infected withCoccidioides posadasii

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