Incidence of brain metastases in a cohort of patients with carcinoma of the breast, colon, kidney, and lung and melanoma

Abstract

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to report on the incidence of and factors related to the occurrence of central nervous system metastases in a cohort of patients who were diagnosed with colorectal, lung, breast, or kidney carcinoma or melanoma. METHODS Using the population‐based Maastricht Cancer Registry (MCR), a cohort was created of patients with colorectal carcinoma (n = 720 patients), lung carcinoma (n = 938 patients), breast carcinoma (n = 802 patients), renal carcinoma (n = 114 patients), and melanoma (n = 150 patients). The patients had to live in the catchment area of the University Hospital Maastricht (UHM) and had to have been diagnosed at the UHM during the period 1986–1995. Patients with brain metastases were searched for by linking the MCR to the Neuro‐Oncology Registry of the UHM. Radiology files were checked as well. Follow‐up lasted until December 31, 1998. RESULTS Brain metastases were diagnosed in 232 patients (8.5%) in the cohort (n = 2724 patients). Of these patients, 84 patients were diagnosed with brain metastases within 1 month after their primary diagnosis, 82 patients were diagnosed with brain metastases within 1 year of their primary diagnosis, and 66 patients were diagnosed with brain metastases more than 1 year after their primary diagnosis. The cumulative incidence after 5 years was estimated at 16.3% in patients with lung carcinoma, 9.8% in patients with renal carcinoma, 7.4% in patients with melanoma, 5.0% in patients with breast carcinoma, and 1.2% in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The incidence was lower in patients age ≥ 70 years compared with younger patients (breast and lung carcinoma), lower in patients who were diagnosed before 1991 compared with patients who were diagnosed after 1991 (breast and lung carcinoma), and lower in patients who had nonsmall cell lung carcinoma compared with patients who had small cell lung carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of brain metastases in this cohort was highest in patients with lung carcinoma, followed by patients with renal carcinoma. There was no evidence of an increasing incidence of brain metastasis in patients with carcinoma of the breast or lung. Cancer 2002;94:2698–705. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10541

Antidepressant use and risk of central nervous system metastasis

“…These results were similar to those reported in other studies [165]. This incidence risk increased as stage increased; for example, the 5-year cumulative incidence of CNS disease increased from 3.1% to 12.6% as stage increased from I to IV [168]. The type of breast cancer also determined the cumulative incidence.…”

“…Additionally, conflicting reports exist due to methods of investigation and inclusion of different tumor types [168]. From 1988 to 2000 in a Nationwide Inpatient sample, the number of surgical resections for brain metastasis increased 79% from 3900 to 7000 [3].…”

“…Lung cancers occur most frequently overall and breast, melanoma, renal cell, and gastrointestinal cancers follow [157,168]. In a review of 14 studies, CNS metastasis ranged from 2.3% to 10% in NHL patients with an overall CNS relapse of 4.7% [20].…”

Whole Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Stereotactic Radiotherapy Versus Stereotactic Radiotherapy Alone for Brain Metastases: a Meta-analysis

“…Brain metastases leave patients with a very poor prognosis, and the average survival was 1-2 months without treatment (Patil et al, 2012). The most common primary cancers metastasis to brain were lung cancer, renal carcinoma, breast cancer and esophagus cancer (Schouten et al, 2002). Patients with one metastatic lesion and well-controlled systemic disease can get good prognosis after surgery, however, the use of surgery in the treatment of brain metastases still remains controversial (Yaeger et al, 2013).…”

Intracarotid delivery of oncolytic HSV vector G47Δ to metastatic breast cancer in the brain

“…11 Other cancers metastasizing to the brain include breast with 10-20% of patients, 12 followed by renal and colorectal. 13 The percentage of patients where their primary tumor metastasizes to the brain has been increasing over the last two decades, related in part to the increased efficacy of current treatments for primary disease and the associated increased survival. 14,15 We previously established a model of breast cancer brain metastases with intracerebral implantation of human breast cancer cells.…”