“…In the United States, this can result in a direct cost of over 6.3 billion dollars per year [ 3 ], which poses a significant financial burden. With improvements in living conditions and changes in dietary habits, especially in developing countries, the incidence of gallstones is gradually increasing [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], and the related economic burden is increasing [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, the exact mechanism underlying gallstone formation remains unclear, which greatly hampers its prevention and treatment.…”