Incidence of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio spp

Abstract

Vibrio species is a common natural inhabitant of brackish and saltwater. Vibrio sp. includes not only emerging pathogens but also well‐known and emerged pathogens, such as V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. Although it is often harmless, pathogenic strains which could cause serious food‐borne illnesses/outbreaks in both humans and animals have been identified. Vibrio infection is usually self‐limiting and requires no clinical treatment. However, antibiotics are still required to treat severe cases of Vibrio infection. Recent reports have highlighted a rise in the presence of antibiotic‐resistant Vibrio in the environment. This hampers the clinical treatment of Vibrio infection and has been linked to the imprudent use of antibiotics in various fields such as human medicine, agriculture and animal husbandry. As a result, it has greatly jeopardized food security, threatened public health and impugned the growth of economy. Food is a potential vehicle of antibiotic‐resistant Vibrio where the resistant genes are transmitted to humans via ingestion of contaminated food. Hence, the surveillance, monitoring and management of antibiotic patterns of Vibrio are important for clinical treatment. This review focuses on different trends and global patterns of antibiotic resistance of Vibrio.

Global status of tetracycline resistance among clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…As with other antibiotics, the genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines commonly locate on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons by which the genes could be rapidly transferred and exchanged among the clinical as well as environmental strains of V. cholera , leading to increased resistance to these antibiotics [ 58 ]. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance determinants may be transferred and exchanged between environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholera through the horizontal gene transfer mechanisms [ 59 ]. These events lead to rapid increase in antibiotic resistance among the isolates.…”

“…Consequently, the exposure of V. cholerae strains to these antibiotics in environmental settings, may lead to development and increase of resistant strains in aquatic ecosystem through natural selection. Eventually, the aquatic ecosystem as well as aquatic products serve as important reservoirs for antibiotic resistant as well as more virulent Vibrio cholerae strains capable to spread and transmit to humans via direct contact or through the food chain [ 59 ], thereby causing the epidemic infections characterized by failure in treatment.…”

Vibrio Species in an Urban Tropical Estuary: Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Interaction with Environmental Parameters, and Possible Public Health Outcomes

“…Albeit usually susceptible to most of the currently used antibacterial drugs, resistant Vibrio spp. have been reported with increasing frequency in many countries over the past years, raising concerns about the remaining treatment options and food safety [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Insights into quorum sensing (QS): QS-regulated biofilm and inhibitors

“…Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [26,27] , vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) [28] , multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica [29][30][31] , multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis [32] , multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] are some dangerous bacterial species that have emerged due to over usage of antibiotic. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has caught medical attention, and various approaches are now taken to investigate alternative antimicrobials from different sources (e.g., plants and microorganisms) [24,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] .…”