Incidence of Anosmia among Covid 19 patients in India

Aanand, Prem; Angral, Sumeet; Varshney, Saurabh; Raj, Ritu

doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02641-6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 can be assessed by questionnaires and history taking (subjective tests) or by testing the sense of smell objectively. ,, Some studies using objective tests showed an increase in the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, ,,,− while other studies reported the opposite (reviewed in Boscutti et al, 2021) . In the studies on South Asian COVID-19 patients, objective tests were used in only three of the cohorts with G614 virus dominance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 varies greatly between populations. It is unclear whether such differences are due to factors at the level of the human host, or at the level of the coronavirus, or both. At the host level, the entry proteins which allow virus binding and entry have variants with distinct properties, and the frequency of such variants differs between ethnicities. At the level of the virus, the D614G mutation enhances virus entry to the host cell. Since the two virus strains (D614 and G614) coexisted in the first six months of the pandemic in most populations, it has been difficult to distinguish between contributions of the virus and contributions of the host for anosmia. To answer this question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in South Asian populations when either the D614 or the G614 virus was dominant. We show that populations infected predominantly with the G614 virus had a much higher prevalence of anosmia (pooled prevalence of 31.8%) compared with the same ethnic populations infected mostly with the D614 virus strain (pooled anosmia prevalence of 5.3%). We conclude that the D614G mutation is a major contributing factor that increases the prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19, and that this enhanced effect on olfaction constitutes a previously unrecognized phenotype of the D614G mutation. The new virus strains that have additional mutations on the background of the D614G mutation can be expected to cause a similarly increased prevalence of chemosensory dysfunctions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 can be assessed by questionnaires and history taking (subjective tests), or by testing the sense of smell objectively. 1,7,93 Some studies using objective tests showed an increase in the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, 1,2,82,[93][94][95] while other studies reported the opposite (reviewed in Boscutti et al, 2021). 7 In the studies on South Asian COVID-19 patients, objective tests were used in only three of the cohorts with G614 virus dominance.…”

Section: Effects Of Response Bias Age Disease Severity Gender and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G virus mutation enhances anosmia in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

Preprint

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The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 varies greatly between populations. It is unclear whether such differences are due to factors at the level of the human host, or at the level of the coronavirus, or both. At the host level, the entry proteins which allow virus binding and entry have variants with distinct properties, and the frequency of such variants differs between ethnicities. At the level of the virus, the D614G mutation enhances virus entry to the host cell. Since the two virus strains (D614 and G614) co-existed in the first six months of the pandemic in most populations, it has been difficult to distinguish between contributions of the virus and contributions of the host for anosmia. To answer this question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in South Asian populations when either the D614 or the G614 virus was dominant. We show that populations infected predominantly with the G614 virus had a much higher prevalence of anosmia (pooled prevalence of 31.8%) compared with the same ethnic populations infected mostly with the D614 virus strain (pooled anosmia prevalence of 5.3%). We conclude that the D614G mutation is a major contributing factor that increases the prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19, and that this enhanced effect on olfaction constitutes a previously unrecognized phenotype of the D614G mutation. The new virus strains that have additional mutations on the background of the D614G mutation can be expected to cause a similarly increased prevalence of chemosensory dysfunctions.

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“…Bulk RNA-Sequencing data of the Whole Olfactory Mucosa (WOM) prove the absence in the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in OSNs, however, the same genes were presented in sustentacular cells. Anosmia is caused due to four underlying mechanisms in COVID-19-positive individuals, namely: rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction: loss of OSNs: invasion of olfactory centres of the brain: and damage to sustentacular cells in the OE (Aanand, P. et al, 2021: Sungnak W. et al, 2020: Brann, D. H. et al, 2020. Anosmia is a common symptom of various intranasal diseases such as rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.…”

Section: Ageusia and Anosmia Among Individuals Who Tested Positive Fo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Cross-Sectional Study to Identify the Olfactory and Gustatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 – A Social Analysis

Meyers,

Kapadia,

Shah

et al. 2023

ijcsrr

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a glycan-coated coronavirus with an exposed receptor-binding domain (RBD), capable of binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors and entering the cell through the cleavage of the spike proteins by the extracellular host enzyme Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). The severity of the infection is directly associated with loss of taste (ageusia) and loss of smell, varying from hyposmia (reduced perception of smell) to anosmia (complete loss of smell). The mechanisms underlying the independent symptoms remain inconclusive; however, have been linked to sustentacular cell infection, changes in the olfactory bulb and subcortical regions of the brain, defects in the respiratory centres of the central nervous system and cerebral glucose abnormalities. The survey for this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and involved 126 individuals who were exposed to or tested positive for COVID-19, through the Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 6.3% of covid-negative and 34.9% covid-positive individuals exposed to COVID-19, experienced anosmia and ageusia. This study aims to identify patterns in symptoms presented when an individual is infected with COVID-19; focusing on the correlation between anosmia and ageusia and associated visual impairments or cognitive difficulties. The understanding of varied symptom combinations observed amongst individuals differing in age, sex, comorbidities or vaccination status could aid doctors and healthcare practitioners to provide a prognosis specific to the subset to which the patients belong, depending on their symptom combinations and severity for the same.

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Incidence of Anosmia among Covid 19 patients in India

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

The D614G virus mutation enhances anosmia in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

An Empirical Cross-Sectional Study to Identify the Olfactory and Gustatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 – A Social Analysis

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