Incidence of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand children and youth

Milne, Richard; Lennon, Diana; Stewart, Joanna; Hoorn, Stephen Vander; Scuffham, Paul Anthony

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02447.x

Cited by 82 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The incidence of acute rheumatic fever was quite low as 2.3/100.000 during this period in Turkey. At the same time in the north of Australia acute rheumatic fever incidence was reported as 162/100.000 in males and 228/100.000 in females between 5-14 age (26). In New Zealand, between the years 2000-2009, and among children whose age was between 5 and 14 years, the incidence of acute rheumatic fever was found in Maori, non-Maori/Pacific, Pacific and all children 40.2/100.000, 2.1/100.000, 81.2/100.000 and 17.2/100.000, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in New Zealand acute rheumatic fever incidence was found to be 3.1/100.000 and 46.1/100.000 in the region of Waikato and in the Maori population between the years 2002-2011, respectively. In the same period in the region of Northland the incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the whole population, in the population of Maori and in nonMaori population were found to be 7.7/100.000, 24.8/100.000, 0.6/100.000, respectively (26)(27)(28). The incidence of acute rheumatic fever was very low when compared to Maori population of New Zealand where it is almost the same with non-Māori / Pacific population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Epidemiological Findings of Acute Rheumatic Fever Between 1981 and 2012

Ceylan¹,

Keskin²,

Arý³

et al. 2017

J Immunol Clin Microbiol

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In developing countries, acute rheumatic fever is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children and adolescents, while acute rheumatic fever incidence is declined in developed countries due to the improvement decline in the crowd live, improvement hygiene and nutrition and standards of living. After penicillin was introduced for treatment of pharyngitis, the incidence of acute rheumatic fever was decreased and even not observed in certain regions (8).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Epidemiological Findings of Acute Rheumatic Fever Between 1981 and 2012

Ceylan¹,

Keskin²,

Arý³

et al. 2017

J Immunol Clin Microbiol

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“…In NZ, RF is now almost exclusively a disease of Māori and Pacific children [3][4][5][6]. RF is not usually fatal, but may produce arthritis, arthralgia, chorea and RHD [7,8] Between 42% and 60% of RF cases develop RHD if not treated monthly with intramuscular antibiotics over a period of at least 10 years [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Estimating rheumatic fever incidence in New Zealand using multiple data sources

2014

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Rheumatic fever (RF) is an important public health problem in New Zealand (NZ). There are three sources of RF surveillance data, all with major limitations that prevent NZ generating accurate epidemiological information. We aimed to estimate the likely RF incidence using multiple surveillance data sources. National RF hospitalization and notification data were obtained, covering the periods 1988-2011 and 1997-2011, respectively. Data were also obtained from four regional registers: Wellington, Waikato, Hawke's Bay and Rotorua. Coded patient identifiers were used to calculate the proportion of individuals who could be matched between datasets. Capture-recapture analyses were used to calculate the likely number of true RF cases for the period 1997-2011. A range of scenarios were used to correct for likely dataset incompleteness. The estimated sensitivity of each data source was calculated. Patients who were male, Māori or Pacific, aged 5-15 years and met the Jones criteria, were most likely to be matched between national datasets. All registers appeared incomplete. An average of 113 new initial cases occurred annually. Sensitivity was estimated at 80% for the hospitalization dataset and 60% for the notification dataset. There is a clear need to develop a high-quality RF surveillance system, such as a national register. Such a system could link important data sources to provide effective, comprehensive national surveillance to support both strategy-focused and control-focused activities, helping reduce the incidence and impact of this disease. It is important to remind clinicians that RF cases do occur outside the well-characterized high-risk group.

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“…Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major health issue worldwide, which primarily results in cardiovascular disease and associated morbidities (1,2). RHD most frequently affects children between 5 and 14 years old (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bmi1 and BRG1 drive myocardial repair by regulating cardiac stem cell function in acute rheumatic heart disease

Xiao

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) occurs due to the accumulation of complications associated with rheumatic fever, and it results in high morbidity and mortality. The majority of cases of RHD are diagnosed in the chronic stages, when treatment options are limited. A small reservoir of cardiac stem cells is responsible for maintaining cardiac homeostasis and repairing tissue damage. Understanding the role of cardiac stem cells and the various proteins responsible for their functions in different pathological stages of RHD is an important area of investigation. Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (Bmi1) and transcription activator BRG1 (BRG1) are associated with the maintenance of stemness in various types of stem cells. The present study investigated the role served by Bmi1 and BRG1 in cardiac stem cells during various pathological stages of RHD through immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A rat model of RHD was established via immunization with the Group A Streptococcus M5 protein.The rat was demonstrated to develop acute RHD 2 months after the final immunization, characterized by cardiac inflammation and tissue damage. Chronic RHD was identified 4 months after the final immunization, revealed by cardiac tissue compression and shrinkage. Expression of the cardiac stem cell marker mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit was identified to be elevated during acute RHD, but downregulated in the chronic stages of RHD. A similar pattern of expression was revealed for Bmi1 and BRG1, indicating that they serve a role in regulating cardiac stem cell proliferation during acute RHD. These results suggest that cardiac stem cells serve a supportive role in the acute, but not chronic, stages of RHD via expression of Bmi1 and BRG1. IntroductionRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major health issue worldwide, which primarily results in cardiovascular disease and associated morbidities (1,2). RHD most frequently affects children between 5 and 14 years old (3). The diagnosis of RHD has gradually increased, particularly in the latent stage of the disease (4,5). A previous pathological study demonstrated that valvular inflammation occurs as the disease progresses, which is due to the presence of immunodominant epitopes following infection (6). There are numerous limitations including the asymptomatic nature of the disease and a lack of trained practitioners for screening RHD in the latent stage of the disease (7). In certain cases of chronic RHD, valve replacement is the only treatment option (8). The formation of rheumatic lesions and Aschoff bodies are indicative of the active form of RHD (9-11).Cardiac stem cells have the ability to convert fibrotic scars, which are formed through injury or inflammation, into nascent cardiomyocytes (12). Cardiomyocytes have a low turnover, which reflects the small reservoir of cardiac stem cells (13). The underlying molecular mechanisms of the self-renewal, potency and survival abilities of cardiac stem cells remain unclear and require further study (14). A number of biomarkers are used ...

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Incidence of acute rheumatic fever in New Zealand children and youth

Abstract: ARF with its attendant rheumatic heart disease is an increasing public health issue for disadvantaged North Island communities with high concentrations of Māori and/or Pacific families.

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of the Epidemiological Findings of Acute Rheumatic Fever Between 1981 and 2012

Evaluation of the Epidemiological Findings of Acute Rheumatic Fever Between 1981 and 2012

Estimating rheumatic fever incidence in New Zealand using multiple data sources

Bmi1 and BRG1 drive myocardial repair by regulating cardiac stem cell function in acute rheumatic heart disease

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