Incidence of acute myocardial infarction after implementation of a public smoking ban in Graubünden, Switzerland: Two year follow-up

Bonetti, Piero O.; Trachsel, Lukas; Kuhn, Max; Schulzki, T.; Erné, Paul; Radovanovic, Dragana; Reinhart, Walter H.

doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13206

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…For studies that provide multiple estimates of the change in hospitalization rates for different time periods after law implementation, 15, 17, 23, 28, 38, 42 we used the estimate from the longest follow-up period to prevent double-counting in the meta-analysis. Separately, we performed a metaregression to test whether hospitalization rates changed over time following implementation of the law; in this case, we included all available estimates from various time points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases

2012

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Background Secondhand smoke causes cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Smokefree legislation is associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death from these diseases. Methods and Results Random effects meta-analysis was conducted by law comprehensiveness to determine the relationship between smokefree legislation and hospital admission or death from cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases. Studies were identified using a systematic search for studies published before November 30, 2011 using Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase and references in identified papers. Change in hospital admissions (or deaths) in the presence of a smokefree law, duration of follow-up, and law comprehensiveness (workplaces only; workplaces and restaurants; or workplaces, restaurants, and bars) were recorded. Forty-five studies of 33 smokefree laws with median follow-up of 24 months (range 2–57 months) were included. Comprehensive smokefree legislation was associated with significantly lower rates of hospital admissions (or deaths) for all 4 diagnostic groups: coronary events (RR .848, 95% CI .816–.881), other heart disease (RR .610, 95% CI .440–.847), cerebrovascular accidents (RR .840, 95% CI .753–.936), and respiratory disease (RR .760, 95% CI .682–.846). The difference in risk following comprehensive smokefree laws does not change with longer follow-up. More comprehensive laws were associated with larger changes in risk. Conclusions Smokefree legislation was associated with a lower risk of smoking-related cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases, with more comprehensive laws associated with greater changes in risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases

2012

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“…Of 1,672 studies identified, 31 studies 22, 26–29, 37–43, 61–77 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review (Supplementary Figure 1). The article from McAlister et al 78 included in the most recently published systematic review 12 was excluded, as it did not meet our eligibility criteria (this study estimated the effects of tobacco control activities, especially smoking cessation programs, but did not include a smoking ban in public places).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17, 18 When several papers had been published on the same population 19–30 , we selected the publication with the longest follow-up period or the most recent publication (if follow-up periods were equivalent). 19, 26–29 Several studies reported the impact of city smoking legislation 21, 23, 31–36 and were later followed by publications reporting state-wide (for US studies) or national legislation. 22, 37, 38 Due to the potential for overlap in study populations, we excluded studies that reported the impact of city legislations and reported data from state/country-wide studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Events Following Smoke-Free Legislations: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jones

Barnoya

Stranges

et al. 2014

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Background Legislations banning smoking in indoor public places and workplaces are being implemented worldwide to protect the population from secondhand smoke exposure. Several studies have reported reductions in hospitalizations for acute coronary events following the enactment of smoke-free laws. Objective We set out to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies examining how legislations that ban smoking in indoor public places impact the risk of acute coronary events. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and relevant bibliographies including previous systematic reviews for studies that evaluated changes in acute coronary events, following implementation of smoke-free legislations. Studies were identified through December 2013. We pooled relative risk (RR) estimates for acute coronary events comparing post- vs. pre-legislation using inverse-variance weighted random-effects models. Results Thirty-one studies providing estimates for 47 locations were included. The legislations were implemented between 1991 and 2010. Following the enactment of smoke-free legislations, there was a 12 % reduction in hospitalizations for acute coronary events (pooled RR: 0.88, 95 % CI: 0.85–0.90). Reductions were 14 % in locations that implemented comprehensive legislations compared to an 8 % reduction in locations that only had partial restrictions. In locations with reductions in smoking prevalence post-legislation above the mean (2.1 % reduction) there was a 14 % reduction in events compared to 10 % in locations below the mean. The RRs for acute coronary events associated with enacting smoke-free legislation were 0.87 vs. 0.89 in locations with smoking prevalence pre-legislation above and below the mean (23.1 %), and 0.87 vs. 0.89 in studies from the Americas vs. other regions. Conclusion The implementation of smoke-free legislations was related to reductions in acute coronary event hospitalizations in most populations evaluated. Benefits are greater in locations with comprehensive legislations and with greater reduction in smoking prevalence post-legislation. These cardiovascular benefits reinforce the urgent need to enact and enforce smoke-free legislations that protect all citizens around the world from exposure to tobacco smoke in public places.

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“…Après application des critères d'inclusion et d'exclusion mentionnés dans la méthodo-logie, 17 articles sur l'association entre la pollution particulaire et l'IDM et/ou l'AVC ont été analysés (Tableau 1). [11], la qualité de l'air relativement bonne dans leurs aires d'études respectives (Tableau 2) pourrait expliquer l'absence de signification statistique de l'association entre PM10 et maladie cardiovasculaire. De ce fait, la pollution de l'air ne serait pas un facteur majeur de risque notamment d'IDM dans ces régions comparées à celles qui présentent des niveaux de pollution atmosphérique élevés.…”

Section: Résultatsunclassified

Effets de la pollution particulaire sur le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires

Massamba

Coppieters

Mercier

et al. 2014

Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie

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Incidence of acute myocardial infarction after implementation of a public smoking ban in Graubünden, Switzerland: Two year follow-up

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases

Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases

Cardiovascular Events Following Smoke-Free Legislations: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effets de la pollution particulaire sur le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires

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