Incidence of Achilles tendinopathy and associated risk factors in recreational runners: A large prospective cohort study

Lagas, Iris F.; Fokkema, Tryntsje; Verhaar, Jan A N; Bierma-Zeinstra, Sita M A; Middelkoop, Marienke van; Vos, Robert‐Jan de

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.12.013

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Data from two studies showed that male runners had almost twice the risk of having an Achilles tendinopathy as female runners [49,51]. This is in accordance with a systematic review on the pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy [81].…”

Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnerssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, the Achilles tendon has a poor blood supply and, therefore, is prone to overuse injuries, such as a tendinopathy [81]. The lifetime prevalence has been reported as high as 40-50% in runners [13,82] and a recent 1-year prospective study determined the incidence rate in a cohort of recreational runners to be 5.2% [51]. While the amount of loading is the key factor in the etiology of Achilles tendinopathy, there are several intrinsic (age, stress, genes, biomechanics, body composition) and extrinsic factors (footwear) modulating the risk for this injury [83].…”

Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the amount of loading is the key factor in the etiology of Achilles tendinopathy, there are several intrinsic (age, stress, genes, biomechanics, body composition) and extrinsic factors (footwear) modulating the risk for this injury [83]. Recent studies found biomechanical (footstrike pattern, ankle dorsiflexion moments) and training-related parameters (changes in training, cold weather, footwear, use of compression socks, mileage) as possible risk factors [10,51,[84][85][86]. This summary of (possible) risk factors does not directly explain the increased probability for male runners to have an Achilles tendinopathy.…”

Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

et al. 2021

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Background Running is a popular sport with high injury rates. Although risk factors have intensively been investigated, synthesized knowledge about the differences in injury rates of female and male runners is scarce. Objective To systematically investigate the differences in injury rates and characteristics between female and male runners. Methods Database searches (PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus) were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the keywords “running AND injur*”. Prospective studies reporting running related injury rates for both sexes were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the risk ratios (RR) for the occurrence of injuries in female vs. male runners. Potential moderators (effect modifiers) were analysed using meta-regression. Results After removal of duplicates, 12,215 articles were screened. Thirty-eight studies were included and the OR of 31 could be pooled in the quantitative analysis. The overall injury rate was 20.8 (95% CI 19.9–21.7) injuries per 100 female runners and 20.4 (95% CI 19.7–21.1) injuries per 100 male runners. Meta-analysis revealed no differences between sexes for overall injuries reported per 100 runners (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90–1.10, n = 24) and per hours or athlete exposure (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69–1.27, n = 6). Female sex was associated with a more frequent occurrence of bone stress injury (RR (for males) 0.52, 95% CI 0.36–0.76, n = 5) while male runners had higher risk for Achilles tendinopathies (RR 1. 86, 95% CI 1.25–2.79, n = 2). Meta-regression showed an association between a higher injury risk and competition distances of 10 km and shorter in female runners (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.69). Conclusion Differences between female and male runners in specific injury diagnoses should be considered in the development of individualised and sex-specific prevention and rehabilitation strategies to manage running-related injuries.

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Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnerssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Achilles Tendinopathies Occur Twice As Often In Male Compared To Female Runnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

et al. 2021

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“…Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective studies, and prospective studies were analyzed if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) noninsertional or midportional Achilles tendinopathy and (2) treated by surgical means. Surgical treatments were defined as the following procedures: gastrocnemius recession (Vulpuis, Strayer, Bauman, Hoke, Silfverskiold), Achilles tendoscopy, Achilles debridement, vertical tenotomies, tendon transfer (FHL, flexor digitorum longus [FDL] or soleus), peritenolysis, and plantaris excision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Evidence for the Treatment of Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Peters

Walsh

Day

et al. 2021

Foot & Ankle Specialist

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Background Noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy affects both athletes and sedentary individuals, and its incidence is rising. Conservative management is the mainstay of treatment, but a variety of operative techniques have been described to treat recalcitrant cases. We seek to outline the current available evidence for surgical management of noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Study design and methods A systematic review was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and all articles were reviewed by at least 2 authors. Each article was assigned a level of evidence in accordance with the standards of Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. The available data were reviewed and a level of evidence was assigned to each intervention of interest, based on the revised classifications of Wright. Results and conclusion A total of 46 articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is fair evidence (grade B) in support of open debridement with 1 level II study, 1 level III study, and 8 level IV studies. There is fair evidence (grade B) in support of arthroscopic or minimally invasive surgical techniques. There is poor evidence (grade C) in support of flexor hallucis longus transfer, longitudinal tenotomy, peritenolysis, gastrocnemius recession, and plantaris excision. There is insufficient evidence (grade I) to provide a recommendation about other surgical treatment methods for noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Systematic review

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“…However, the outcomes of tendinopathy treatments are not always satisfactory. Chronic symptoms may persist in up to 25% of patients 10 years after treatment, causing impairment both to physical activity and quality of life 10,11 . Currently, there are limited options to enhance tendon healing and no proven effective strategies to restore native tendon structure and mechanical properties of tendons, and thus effective treatments for tendinopathy remain a significant challenge in the field of sports medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential mitochondrial protectant treatments in tendinopathy

Zhang

Eliasberg

Rodeo

2021

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition that affects a wide range of patients, including athletes, laborers, and older patients. Tendinopathy is often characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired performance and function. The etiology of tendinopathy is multifactorial, including both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Various treatment strategies have been described, but outcomes are often variable, as tendons have poor intrinsic healing potential compared with other tissues. Therefore, several novel targets for tendon regeneration have been identified and are being explored. Mitochondria are organelles that generate adenosine triphosphate, and they are considered to be the power generators of the cell. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction verified by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased superoxide dismutase activity, cristae disorganization, and decreased number of mitochondria has been identified as a mechanism that may contribute to tendinopathy. This has provided new insights for studying tendinopathy pathogenesis and potential treatments via antioxidant, metabolic modulation, or ROS inhibition. In this review, we present the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in tendinopathy. The review summarizes the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of tendinopathy, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of mitochondrial protectants in the treatment of tendinopathy.

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Incidence of Achilles tendinopathy and associated risk factors in recreational runners: A large prospective cohort study

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

Sex-Specific Differences in Running Injuries: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

Level of Evidence for the Treatment of Chronic Noninsertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential mitochondrial protectant treatments in tendinopathy

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