Incidence, mortality, survival, risk factor and screening of colorectal cancer: A comparison among China, Europe, and northern America

Li, Na; Lü, Bin; Luo, Chenyu; Cai, Jie; Lu, Ming; Zhang, Yuhan; Chen, Hongda; Dai, Min

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.034

Cited by 169 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The latest global statistics show that the five-year relative survival rate of CRC reached 64% in the United States from 2009 to 2015, was nearly 57% in China from 2012 to 2015, and was less than 50% in many Eastern and Southern European countries [ 39 ]. In particular, metastatic CRC has a five-year survival rate of only 14% in Europe, despite advances in treatment [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and identification of immune-related genes for immunotherapy and prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer patients

et al. 2022

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Background Increasing evidence indicates that the immune microenvironment plays a key role in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to establish an immune-related gene (IRG) signature and determine its clinical prognostic value in patients with CRC. Methods The RNA sequencing and associated clinical data of CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then screened for differentially expressed IRGs by intersecting with IRGs obtained from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out to determine the potential biological functions and pathways of the IRGs. We also explored the specific molecular mechanisms of the IRGs by constructing regulatory networks. Prognostic IRGs were obtained by LASSO regression analysis, and subsequently, gene models were constructed in the TCGA dataset to confirm the predictive capacity of these IRGs. Finally, we used the TIMER tool to assess the immune properties of prognostic IRGs and correlate them with immune cells. Results We identified 409 differentially expressed IRGs in patients with CRC. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed IRGs were significantly related to 102 cancer signalling pathways and various biological functions. Based on the prediction and interaction results, we obtained 59 TF–IRG, 48 miRNA–IRG, and 214 drug–IRG interaction networks for CRC. Four prognostic genes (POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2) were developed by integrating 47 survival-related IRGs and 42 characteristic CRC genes. The results of gene model showed that patients in the low risk group had better survival outcomes compared to those in the high risk group. The expression of POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2 was significantly correlated with immune cells. Conclusion This study identified some valid IRGs, and these findings can provide strong evidence for precision immunotherapy in patients with CRC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and identification of immune-related genes for immunotherapy and prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer patients

et al. 2022

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“…At present, the region with the fastest growing burden of CRC is East Asia, mainly in China, primarily due to industrialization and economic development, leading to westernization of lifestyle (30,31). CRC screening projects are still in the early stages, and the coverage and participation rate of the population are relatively low (32,33). Nearly 50% of the increase in CRC burden in China may be attributed to seven major risk factors (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and attributable risk factors, from 1990 to 2019: Updated results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Liu

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the global trends of colorectal cancer from 1990 to 2019 and the relevant risk factors for better policymaking and resource allocation.Methods: Data on CRC, including incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates, were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trend of incidence, mortality, and DALYs, and the risk factor attributable deaths and DALYs were assessed based on the comparative risk assessment framework.Results: In 2019, a total of 2.166×106 CRC cases were reported worldwide, a 157% increase compared with that reported in 1990. In high-social demographic index (SDI) regions, the trend of age-standardized incidence rate has decreased, while the proportion of people younger than 50 years has increase. Although the number of deaths and DALYs increased, the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALY rate was decreased. The middle-SDI regions have the fastest growing CRC burden, especially in East Asia, followed by the low-SDI regions, in which the CRC burden in women has increased faster than that in man. In addition, the milk intake, High-BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose play a more important role in on CRC.Conclusion: In developed regions, the CRC burden tended to be easier, while the CRC burden became more severe in undeveloped regions. Therefore, reasonable resource allocation and prevention policies should be implemented to avoid an increase in the burden of CRC.

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“…Colon cancer is caused by one or more of chromosomal instability, CpG island methylation phenotype, and microsatellite instability [3]. Although living standards are gradually improving in China, the incidence and mortality of colon cancer there continue to increase [4]. Most (90%-95%) colon tumors have adenocarcinoma as their predominant histological type [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a prognostic model for mitophagy-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma: a study based on TCGA and GEO databases

Tang

Guo

Chen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background:Mitophagy is the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Its dysregulation can lead to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria and is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Despite increasing evidence that mitophagy plays a role in colon tumorigenesis, the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) prognosis and treatment remains largely unknown. Methods: As a first step, we extracted 1899 mitophagy-related genes from GeneCards and screened 461 differentially expressed genes from TCGA database. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology terms, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network, and conducted key module screening for the differential genes. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were used to identify PPARGC1A, SLC6A1, EPHB2 and PPP1R17 as prognosis-related genes. We assessed the feasibility of prognostic models using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics, risk scores, Cox regression analysis, and principal component analysis. We tested the model using the GEO database and constructed nomograms for future clinical applications. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the TCGA cohort was 0.628, 0.678, and 0.755, whereas that of the GEO cohort was 0.609, 0.634, and 0.640. In addition, we compared immune cell infiltration between the two groups and assessed sensitivity to treatment with many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in individuals with different risk factors. Finally, we performed qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine the expression of prognosis-related MRGs. Results: In this study, we investigated the potential value of MRGs in patients with colon adenocarcinoma at the gene level. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed a mitophagy-related gene model to predict the prognosis of COAD, and examined this risk model using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Conclusions: This study has successfully constructed a mitophagy-related gene signature with significant predictive value for COAD and provides new possibilities for its future treatment.

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Incidence, mortality, survival, risk factor and screening of colorectal cancer: A comparison among China, Europe, and northern America

Cited by 169 publications

References 78 publications

Screening and identification of immune-related genes for immunotherapy and prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer patients

Screening and identification of immune-related genes for immunotherapy and prognostic assessment in colorectal cancer patients

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and attributable risk factors, from 1990 to 2019: Updated results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Development and validation of a prognostic model for mitophagy-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma: a study based on TCGA and GEO databases

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