Incidence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows under Semi-Tropical Circumstances in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Singha, Shuvo; Koop, Gerrit; Persson, Ylva; Hossain, Delower; Scanlon, Lauren; Derks, Marjolein; Hoque, Ahasanul; Rahman, Mizanur

doi:10.3390/ani11082255

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Studies of milk from sick cows for the clinical form of mastitis on farms in Bangladesh have shown high resistance of Escherichia coli to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Tetracycline [31], [42]. Studies conducted in Canada indicate that this isolate was insensitive to Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Colistin, but showed sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin [33] According to the authors [32], more than 60% of isolates of E. coli showed resistance to Oxacillin and Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Ukraine

Zhuk

Zaritskyi²,

Dreval³

et al. 2022

Potr. S. J. F. Sci.

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Mastitis is one of the most common diseases on dairy farms. It causes significant economic damage associated with the cost of treating sick cows, reduced milk yield and quality indicators of dairy products, and the risk of premature culling of animals. Treatment of cows with mastitis on dairy farms is carried out mainly with antimicrobial drugs, which are usually used without a preliminary test to identify the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to antimicrobial substances, which is an important part of the effectiveness of therapy. Increasing the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial substances poses a threat not only to the animal but also to humans, as a consumer of dairy products. The availability of data on the sensitivity of mastitis pathogens to antimicrobial drugs makes it possible for veterinary doctors to choose the most effective antibiotic for treating animals with the shortest duration of treatment. The presented results of studies of breast secret samples taken from cows indicate that in 57.5% of cases, contagious pathogens of mastitis were identified. In particular, Streptococcus agalactiae made 24.1%, Staphylococcus aureus – 18.4%, Corynebacterium spp. – 7.2%, Streptococcus dysgalactiae– 5.6%, Streptococcus uberis – 2.2%. Environmental pathogens accounted for 42.5% of the total number of isolated isolates, among which Streptococci represented gram-positive microflora at 11.5 Streptococcuscus spp. (6.2% Streptococcuscus parauberis (4.4% Streptococcuscus Bovis (0.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. – 10.3%. Gram-negative microflora is 20.6%, among which the largest percentage belongs to E. coli – 8.4% and Klebsiella pneumonia – 1.9%. Mastitis caused by yeast accounted for 1.4% of all diagnosed pathogens. Antimicrobial sensitivity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). According to the results of determining the sensitivity of mastitis pathogens to antimicrobial substances, it was found that the highest sensitivity of the isolated isolates was to Ceftiofur, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Rifampicin, Amoxicillin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Bacitracin, Cephalexin, Cloxacillin, Enrofloxacin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Oxytetracycline, Lincomycin. The least sensitive – to Spiramycin, Tylosin, streptomycin, neomycin, Marbofloxacin, Tilmicosin, and Danofloxacin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Ukraine

Zhuk

Zaritskyi²,

Dreval³

et al. 2022

Potr. S. J. F. Sci.

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“…Mastitis is currently one of the main health problems of dairy cows, despite the increasing advances in technology and veterinary measures. The incidence of mastitis is, of course, highly dependent on the lactation stage [ 7 , 33 ]. In our study, we monitored the prevalence and etiology of mastitis in four dairy farms during the early lactation phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Singha et al [ 7 ], CM represents a serious health problem that can result in the reduction of milk yield, milk quality deterioration, treatment costs, involuntary culling, death, increased risk of antimicrobial resistance, and reduced animal welfare. Therefore, the prevalence of CM should be at the lowest level in lactating cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, each mastitis case is believed to be caused by one primary pathogen, as only one bacterial species is identified in the milk samples from affected udders. However, it is not rare to detect simultaneous infections by two different pathogen species, and even three pathogens have been found in a small proportion of samples [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy Cows’ Udder Pathogens and Occurrence of Virulence Factors in Staphylococci

Zigo

Farkašová

Výrostková

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study investigated 960 Slovak and Czech spotted cattle from four different conventional (non-organic) dairy herds located in Eastern Slovakia and Czechia during early lactation (14–100 days after calving). Dairy cows were examined clinically; milk from fore-stripping of each udder quarter was subjected to sensory examination and assessed by the California mastitis test (CMT), and laboratory analyses of bacterial pathogens in milk, including virulence factors, were conducted. Positive CMT scores (1–3) for one or more quarters were detected in 271 (28.2%) of the examined animals. Out of 230 infected milk samples, representing 24.0% of all dairy cows, staphylococci (59.1% of positive findings) were the most commonly isolated organisms, followed by E. coli (11.3%), streptococci Str. uberis (9.1%) and Str. agalactiae (3.4%), and enterococci (6.1%). From 136 isolates of S. aureus (38 isolates) and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS; 98 isolates), virulence factors and their resistance to 14 antimicrobials were detected using the disk diffusion method, with PCR detection of the methicillin resistance gene, mecA. An increased incidence of clinical and chronic forms of mastitis has been reported in mastitic cows in which staphylococci, especially S. aureus and NAS (S. chromogenes, S. warneri, and S. xylosus), have been detected and compared to other isolated udder pathogens. From those species, S. aureus and isolates of NAS mentioned above showed multiple virulence factors that are more likely to hydrolyze DNA, hemolysis, produce gelatinase and biofilm, and have multi-drug resistance as compared to other less virulent staphylococci. Generally, the isolated staphylococci showed 77.2% resistance to one or more antimicrobials, in particular to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, macrolides, or cephalosporins. Isolates that showed the ability to form a biofilm were more resistant to more than one antimicrobial than isolates without biofilm production. Multi-drug resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes was recorded in 16 isolates (11.7%), and the presence of the mecA gene was also confirmed in two isolates of S. aureus and two species of NAS.

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“…In Bangladesh, mastitis is one of the major limitations in successful dairy farming, with an overall prevalence of 19.9% and 44.8% of mastitis cases in dry and wet seasons, respectively [ 9 ]. A recent study using a larger cohort of dairy cows from the Chottogram district of Bangladesh showed a 43.9% incidence rate of clinical mastitis [ 10 ]. Metabolic diseases can produce acute, temporary, but potentially fatal conditions in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early metabolic profiling in the periparturient period reduces the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows

Ahammed¹,

Nooruzzaman²,

Islam³

et al. 2022

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: To study the impact of early metabolic profiling and intervention measures in the peri¬parturient period on the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows. Materials and Methods: Using a cohort of dairy cows from two selected areas of Bangladesh, we routinely tested the serum calcium level and ketone bodies in the urine at periparturient periods. In addition, milk samples were tested for the presence of mastitis at different stages of lactation. Animals showing reduced serum calcium levels, high ketone bodies in the urine or the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis received appropriate therapeutic intervention immediately after detection. After the intervention, the number of animals that got sick with diseases or conditions like milk fever, ketosis, mastitis, and dystocia, which are caused by metabolic problems, was recorded. Results: In the periparturient period, most of the animals had lower serum calcium levels (8.13 ± 1.2 mg/dl), which were significantly increased by the following intervention (10.05 ± 1.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, there was a higher number of ketosis-affected animals (33.9%, 20/59) during the periparturient period, which decreased (18.6%, 11/59) during the postparturient period. Similarly, the number of mastitis-affected cows was also decreased in postparturient cows (30.9%, 13/42) than in periparturient cows (59.5%, 25/42), following improved hygienic measures. After early intervention, the number of study animals with metabolic diseases decreased from 51.7% before intervention to 15.3% after intervention. Conclusions: Early metabolic profiling significantly reduced the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows. Therefore, we recommend regular metabolic profiling of dairy cows and receiving early intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of metabolic diseases on the farm.

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Incidence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows under Semi-Tropical Circumstances in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Ukraine

Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Ukraine

Dairy Cows’ Udder Pathogens and Occurrence of Virulence Factors in Staphylococci

Early metabolic profiling in the periparturient period reduces the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows

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