Incidence, Etiology, and Determinants Associated With Acute Diarrhea Among French Forces Deployed to Chad

Santi, Vincent Pommier de; Nicand, Élisabeth; Lagathu, Gisèle; Michel, R.; Rosenmayr, Georg; Raingeval, Jean‐Baptiste; Samy, Julien; Boutin, Jean‐Paul; Marimoutou, Catherine

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00490.x

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are no previous reports of TD in tourists to Benin, and very few of travellers to West Africa [8,10-13] One of the noteworthy findings was the exceptionally high incidence of TD among our study subjects. Although Sub-Saharan Africa is generally presented as an area with a 20 – 60% risk for TD [17-20], 87% of our travellers reported having contracted the disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…No cases with Vibrio cholerae , Yersinia or Campylobacter were found. Campylobacter, although common in Southeast Asia and Nepal [3,5,23,24], has not been considered a major pathogen in West Africa in previous reports either [8,10-13,24]. Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia are rare in TD everywhere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know of merely five studies [8,10-13], just two [8,13] of them from this century, describing the aetiology of TD in travellers to Central or Western Africa. In these reports the percentage of unexplained cases ranges between 5 and 60.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High number of diarrhoeal co-infections in travellers to Benin, West Africa

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTravellers’ diarrhoea (TD) is the most frequent health problem among travellers to the tropics. Using routine techniques, the aetiology mostly remains unresolved, whereas modern molecular methods enable reducing the number of equivocal cases considerably. While many studies address the aetiology of TD in Asian, Central American and North African tourist resorts, only few focus on Western Africa.MethodsStool samples from 45 travellers travelling in Benin, West Africa, were analyzed by a new multiplex qPCR assay for Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella or enteroinvasive (EIEC), enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).ResultsAll 18 pre-travel samples proved negative for bacterial pathogens. Of the 39/45 (87%) travellers having had TD, EPEC was detected in post-travel samples in 30 (77%) cases, EAEC in 23 (59%), ETEC in 22 (56%), Shigella or EIEC in 7 (18%), EHEC in two (5%), and Salmonella in one (3%). In 31(79%) of the TD cases two or more bacterial pathogens were identified. Two (8%) samples remained negative: both patients had taken antimicrobials for TD.ConclusionsEPEC, EAEC and ETEC were the most common findings. 79% of the cases had a co-infection. As modern diagnostics reveals in most patients a multitude of pathogens, the role of each pathogen should be re-evaluated.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High number of diarrhoeal co-infections in travellers to Benin, West Africa

et al. 2014

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“…Most travelers (83 %) reported at least one episode of TD, without reduction in episodes as travel durations lengthened. Another cross-sectional study of long-term backpackers in Thailand reported that a longer stay was associated with having [26,27]. Both studies cite living in close quarters (facilitating person-to-person transmission of enteric pathogens) and the consumption of food purveyed by off-base local vendors as risk factors.…”

Section: Diarrheal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Expatriates: Special Considerations in Pretravel Preparation

Pierre

Lim

Hamer

2013

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Expatriates comprise a diverse set of travelers who face unique medical, psychiatric, and non-healthrelated risks as a result of increased exposure to host country environment and associated lifestyle. Expatriates have an increased risk of developing malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, latent tuberculosis, vaccine-preventable infections, and psychological disorders, when compared with other travelers, yet the majority of existing pretravel guidelines have been designed to suit the needs of nonexpatriates. Although greater interest in expatriate health issues has led to improved characterization of illness in this population, expatriate-specific risk mitigation strategies-including modifications to chemoprophylaxis recommendations, limiting tuberculosis exposure, and prevention of occupational or sexual blood-borne virus transmission-are poorly described. Occupations and destinations affect travel-related disease risk and should inform the pretravel consultation.

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Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Associated with International Travel

Alberer

Löscher

2014

Practical Food Safety

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Incidence, Etiology, and Determinants Associated With Acute Diarrhea Among French Forces Deployed to Chad

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

High number of diarrhoeal co-infections in travellers to Benin, West Africa

High number of diarrhoeal co-infections in travellers to Benin, West Africa

Expatriates: Special Considerations in Pretravel Preparation

Foodborne Infections and Intoxications Associated with International Travel

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