Incidence, correlates and outcomes associated with falls in the intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study

Impact of Collaborative Nursing Care Delivery on Patient Safety Events in an Emergency Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Observational Study

“…This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted in ICUs, suggesting that falls and stumbles were less likely to occur in ICUs due to the abundance of human resources and patients spending most of their day in bed. 18,31,38 Based on the abovementioned findings, the PSEs in this study were considered to be roughly identical to the LTD events. Studies have shown that LTD events occur frequently in ICUs, 34,39 with similar results observed in the present study.…”

“…26 Risk factors for PSEs, such as mechanical ventilation and its duration, and delirium and its duration, were also determined. 18,27 The confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) was used to assess for delirium. 28 The facility had a policy of assessing the CAM-ICU at 12-hour intervals, and additional assessments could be made at the discretion of the nurse in charge if the possibility of delirium arose.…”

“…We determined the relationship between PSEs and length of stay and calculated the number of days spent in the EICU by examining the date of EICU admission and discharge. 5,18,31 Because staffing and bed occupancy rate (BOR) are also factors associated with PSEs, we investigated the number of nurses per shift, the number of patients admitted, and the number of available beds. 10,32 During the day shift (8:00-16:00), many nurses attend training and meetings, and it is difficult to assess how many nurses are involved in patient care retrospectively.…”

“…5,9,14,17,25,27,[33][34][35][36][37] The fall events were defined as events in which a patient falls from their bed or wheelchair on their own. 4,5,18,24,31,38 The LTD and Fall events were determined from incident reports. The LTD events and Fall events were defined as "PSEs" regardless of their type or number of occurrences, and the number of PSEs per 1000 patient-days was calculated using the following formula: ([Number of PSEs / Total number of hospital days] Â 1000).…”

“…Several retrospective studies have reported that 89% of unplanned extubations in the ICU occurred when the nurse was not present and that 58% of falls in the ICU were not witnessed by the nurse. 17,18 Therefore, inadequate monitoring, and care may increase the risk of PSEs in critically ill patients.…”