Incidence and Types of Childhood Esotropia

Greenberg, Amy E.; Mohney, Brian G.; Diehl, Nancy N.; Burke, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.072

Cited by 154 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In yet another study by Greenberg AE et al, on incidence and types of childhood esotropia, fully accommodative 36.4%; acquired non accommodative 16.6%; esotropia associated with an abnormal central nervous system 11.4%; partially accommodative 10.1%; congenital 8.1%; sensory, 6.5%; paralytic 6.5%; undetermined 3.4%; and other 1.0% which correlates with the current study. 24 The current study, intermittent exotropia accounted for only 14.7% of children with exotropia in comparison to 16.9% in study by Mohney BG and 92% in study by Chia A et al 23 In study by Graham PA and in the study by Rantanen A et al intermittent exotropia was the most common type. 10,25 The less number of cases of intermittent exotropia can be explained by the fact that the study population is predominantly rural and illiterate.…”

contrasting

confidence: 48%

Strabismus in paediatric age (3-16 year): a clinical study

2016

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contrasting

confidence: 48%

Strabismus in paediatric age (3-16 year): a clinical study

2016

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“…Being the commonest type, esotropia was extensively studied among several populations. [9][10][11][12] It has been reported that the prevalence of strabismus is higher among the children of the same families as well as those born to consanguine parents. [13,14] There are several causes of strabismus including refractive errors neurological diseases, glaucoma, and cataract; besides, lifethreatening etiologies such as retinoblastoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness, Perceptions and Knowledge of Strabismus among Pediatrics and Ophthalmology Clinics Attendees in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah

Bukhari¹,

Alhibshi²,

Alzahrani³

et al. 2018

AIMDR

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Background: To assess the knowledge, awareness, and perception about strabismus and related disease dimensions among the parents and companions of children attending the pediatrics and ophthalmology clinic. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out between 01 January and 31 July 2017 including the companions of children having strabismus who attended the Pediatrics and Ophthalmology clinics. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. Results: The study included 474 companions of children (69.8% females). Knowledge about strabismus definition was correctly identified in 61.1%-74.6% of the participants. Heredity was the most frequently identified etiology (68.9%), followed by trauma (61.3%). Regarding treatment options, 63.6%, 60.6% and 47.8% of the participants correctly identified glasses, surgery and eye muscle exercise as possible options to treat strabismus, respectively. Most frequent knowledge sources were relatives and friends (69.8%) and the internet and social media (56.3%). Parents' role was highly appreciated as perceived by the participants, particularly for early detection (93.4%), diagnosis (92.0%), compliance with treatment (94.7%) and follow-up (92.4%). Both genders showed moderate knowledge about strabismus with a significantly higher level of knowledge in female participants (P=0.001). The Educational level had no impact on such parameter. Conclusion: There is high awareness level about different strabismus dimensions but with several misconceptions related to its psychosocial and economic consequences, a matter which could impact parent's vigilance and involvement in the therapeutic and preventive programs. It is necessary to target information messages and awareness programs in a comprehensive manner to all populations without an educational-based discrimination.

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“…Strabismus occurs in approximately 4 percent of the population [1,2] and is usually corrected by surgery. In the Netherlands, this is done approximately 150 times per week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human error in strabismus surgery: quantification with a sensitivity analysis

Schutte

Polling

Helm

et al. 2008

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Background Reoperations are frequently necessary in strabismus surgery. The goal of this study was to analyze human-error related factors that introduce variability in the results of strabismus surgery in a systematic fashion. Methods We identified the primary factors that influence the outcome of strabismus surgery. For each of the human-error related factors we quantified variation with clinical assessments: measurement of the angle of strabismus, surgical strategy and surgical accuracy. Firstly, six patients were examined by six orthoptists, and accuracy of prism cover tests was assessed. Secondly, a questionnaire with sample cases (10°, 15°and 20°of infantile esotropia) was put to orthoptists, to determine variation in current surgical strategy. Finally, photographs made during surgery were analyzed to assess surgical accuracy. The influence of human-error related factors was related to the influence of inter-patient differences with a mechanical model. The relative contribution of all factors was assessed with a sensitivity analysis, and results were compared to clinical studies. Results The surgical trajectory of strabismus surgery could be modeled mathematically. Measurement of angle of strabismus, surgical technique, anatomy and physiology were considered. Variations in the human-error related factors were: (1) the latent angle at distant fixation was measured with a 90% confidence interval of 5°, and comprised 20% of the total variance of the postoperative angle, (2) orthoptists decided for bilateral recessions of, respectively, 7.3±1.7 mm (total amount of two recessions), 9.1±1.2 mm and 10.3±1.3 mm, which comprised 15% of the total variance, and (3) surgical accuracy was estimated at ±0.5 mm, which comprised 20% of the total variance. Conclusion The human error in strabismus surgery could be quantified with a sensitivity analysis. Approximately half of the reoperations in strabismus surgery are caused by inaccuracy in the measurement of the angle of strabismus, variability in surgical strategy and imprecise surgery.

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Incidence and Types of Childhood Esotropia

Cited by 154 publications

References 17 publications

Strabismus in paediatric age (3-16 year): a clinical study

Strabismus in paediatric age (3-16 year): a clinical study

Awareness, Perceptions and Knowledge of Strabismus among Pediatrics and Ophthalmology Clinics Attendees in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah

Human error in strabismus surgery: quantification with a sensitivity analysis

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