Incidence and Treatments of Bovine Mastitis and Other Diseases on 37 Dairy Farms in Wisconsin

Abstract

The aim of this research was to describe the incidence and treatments of mastitis and other common bovine diseases using one year of retrospective observational data (n = 50,329 cow-lactations) obtained from herd management software of 37 large dairy farms in Wisconsin. Incidence rate (IR) was defined as the number of first cases of each disease divided by the number of lactations per farm. Clinical mastitis (CM) remains the most diagnosed disease of dairy cows. Across all herds, the mean IR (cases per 100 cow-lactations) was 24.4 for clinical mastitis, 14.5 for foot disorders (FD), 11.2 for metritis (ME), 8.6 for ketosis (KE), 7.4 for retained fetal membranes (RFM), 4.5 for diarrhea (DI), 3.1 for displaced abomasum (DA), 2.9 for pneumonia (PN) and 1.9 for milk fever (MF). More than 30% of cows that had first cases of CM, DA, RFM, DI, and FD did not receive antibiotics. Of those treated, more than 50% of cows diagnosed with PN, ME and CM received ceftiofur as a treatment. The IR of mastitis and most other diseases was greater in older cows (parity ≥ 3) during the first 100 days of lactation and these cows were more likely to receive antibiotic treatments (as compared to younger cows diagnosed in later lactation). Cows of first and second parities in early lactation were more likely to remain in the herd after diagnosis of disease, as compared to older cows and cows in later stages of lactation. Most older cows diagnosed with CM in later lactation were culled before completion of the lactation. These results provide baseline data for disease incidence in dairy cows on modern U.S. dairy farms and reinforce the role of mastitis as an important cause of dairy cow morbidity.

Impact of temporal variations and risk factors associated with udder inflammation in Hardhenu cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus)

“…This aligns with findings by Bhat et al (2017), who reported similar incidence rates for animal and quarter‐wise clinical mastitis. Consistency is also observed in studies conducted by Gonçalves et al (2022), which found higher mastitis incidence in multiparous animals compared to primiparous ones. This trend extends to different cattle breeds and regions as evidenced by studies on Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows (Manasa et al, 2019), calving records (Fukushima et al, 2020) and dairy herds in England and Wales (Bradley et al, 2007).…”

“…This aligns with findings by Bhat et al (2017), who reported similar incidence rates for animal and quarter-wise clinical mastitis. Consistency is also observed in studies conducted by Gonçalves et al (2022), which found higher mastitis incidence in multiparous animals compared to primiparous ones.…”

The bacterial and archaeal communities of flies, manure, lagoons, and troughs at a working dairy

“…Just for comparison with the health record at this dairy, in a recent survey of 37 large dairies in Wisconsin, the incident rates for clinical conditions that could have bacterial origin were 24.4% for mastitis, 14.5% for foot disorders, 11.2% for metritis, 8.6% for ketosis, 7.4% for retained fetal membranes, 4.5% for diarrhea, 3.1% for displaced abomasum, 2.9% for pneumonia, and 1.9% for milk fever ( Gonçalves et al, 2022 ). While we are reporting the presence of bacteria that could be potential causes, we are not implying any direct cause and effect between the pathogens identified associated with the components sampled at our dairy and the cattle medical ailments reported at this dairy, as that was not measured in this study.…”

Antibacterial efficacy of novel bismuth-silver nanoparticles synthesis on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection models

“…The last two models represent a generalized infection with the presence of severe inflammation and significant physiological imbalance ( Bradley, 2002 ; O’Brien Jr et al, 2007 ). Nowadays, developing or prescribing treatments to combat this type of infection is a challenge due to the unavailability of effective antibiotics for these pathologies ( Dumache et al, 2015 ; Gonçalves et al, 2022 ). Hence, we think that it might be necessary to combine our formulation with other products for greater effectiveness in these clinical conditions.…”