Incidence and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia in Rural Kenyan Children Identified through Hospital Surveillance

Nokes, D. James; Ngama, Mwanajuma; Bett, Anne; Abwao, John; Munywoki, Patrick K.; English, Mike; Scott, John A.; Cane, Patricia A.; Medley, Graham F.

doi:10.1086/606055

Cited by 140 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the current study, the percentage of RSV positivity among respiratory samples from neighboring countries such as Pakistan was 17.8% among children hospitalized for severe pneumonia during 2010-2011 [17]. A study conducted in Kenya reported 16.5% of severe pneumonia cases were RSV-associated, consistent with our findings [18]. The percentage of RSV positivity in Iran, however, was higher than in countries such as Cameroon (5.7%) [19] and Kenya (12.5%) [20], but lower than in recent reports from Latvia (33% to 57%) [21] and Turkey (37.9%) [22].…”

Section: Results Prevalence Of Rsv Circulating In Iransupporting

confidence: 90%

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Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Salimi

Tavakoli-Yaraki

Yavarian

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and is associated with a great burden on patients, parents, and society. While no treatment is yet available, results from recent phase 2 clinical trials of cell-entry inhibitors and RSV vaccines are promising. To prepare for introduction of these novel therapeutics, good understanding of its molecular epidemiology and continuous RSV surveillance data are necessary. This paper provides an overview of RSV prevalence and genotype distribution in Iran from 1996 to 2013. This meta-analysis includes 21 published studies. In total, 775 (18.7%) of 4140 respiratory specimens were positive for RSV infection. The male-female ratio of RSV-positive patients was 1.5:1. Significant peaks of RSV infection were detected during the cold season (November-March). RSV infection was mainly observed in patients <2 years of age. Phylogenetic studies showed that genotypes GA1, GA2, GA5, and BA co-circulated in Iran in 2007-2013. This review highlights the necessity of introducing standard molecular surveillance programs to inform the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of various RSV genotypes. Improved understanding of the molecular epidemiology will be useful for development of novel RSV therapeutics.

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Section: Results Prevalence Of Rsv Circulating In Iransupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Significant peaks of RSV prevalence were detected in the cold seasons (November-March). This finding underlined the seasonal characteristics of RSV infections in Iran, which is consistent with patterns of age and seasonal RSV prevalence reported in other studies [16,18].…”

Section: Regional Differences In Rsvsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Salimi

Tavakoli-Yaraki

Yavarian

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…The majority of patients (92.7%) recruited in this study came from Beijing. The geographical location can influence the prevalence of respiratory viruses [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of three human adenovirus species in adults with acute respiratory infection in China

Guo

Gonzalez

Zhou

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are recognized as causal agents in a wide range of human diseases. However, researchers lack sufficient data on the exact HAdV species and serotypes associated with adult acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). To detect and characterize HAdV infections in adults in China, clinical specimens were collected from 10,310 adults with ARTIs from May 2005 to July 2010. The partial HAdV hexon gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. HAdVs were detected in 86 samples (0.8%), of which 67 (77.9%) were species B (HAdV-3, -7, -11, and -14), 7 (8.1%) were species C (HAdV-1, -2, and -6), and 12 (14%) were species E (HAdV-4). HAdV-3 was the most frequently detected serotype (41/86, 47.7%), followed by HAdV-7 (13/86, 15.1%), HAdV-4 (12/86, 14.0%), and HAdV-11 (11/86, 12.8%). Patients 14-25 years old (60.5%) exhibited a higher rate of adenovirus detection than older patients. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses were observed in samples positive for HAdV species B and E. Human rhinovirus was the most commonly found virus in patients with HAdV infection. These findings provide baseline data for the surveillance and control of HAdV infection in China.

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“…Influenza viruses A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses Types 1, 2 and 3 (PIFV-1, PIFV-2, PIFV-3) [1][2][3][4][5] are among the most common viruses that cause pneumonia in children. Imaging examination plays a crucial role in the detection and management of patients with pneumonia [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Radiological findings in 210 paediatric patients with viral pneumonia: a retrospective case study

Guo

Wang²,

Sheng³

et al. 2012

BJR

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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the radiological presentations of different types of viral pneumonia in children. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens and bronchial aspirate samples from children with acute respiratory infections were obtained and tested for influenza B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza (Types 1, 2 and 3) by direct immunofluorescence assay, or for influenza A (Subtype H1N1) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The chest radiographs of the 210 confirmed cases of viral pneumonia were analysed retrospectively by two independent radiologists for the identification, characterisation and description of the distribution of imaging abnormalities. The cases were divided into six groups on the basis of confirmed causative viral agent, and radiographic findings were compared, analysed and presented. Results: The abnormal chest radiograph findings consisted of bilateral patchy areas of consolidation (n5133), interstitial lung disease (n533), diffuse areas of air space consolidation (n529) and lobar consolidation (n515). The abnormalities were distributed bilaterally in 195 cases and observed more frequently in the lower zones than in other regions. The radiological findings varied significantly among the six groups (p50.0050). Pairwise comparison showed significant difference between influenza A (H1N1) and adenovirus (p50.0031) only. Conclusion: The predominant radiological finding in paediatric viral pneumonia was bilateral patchy areas of consolidation. The radiological findings differed significantly only between adenovirus and influenza A pneumonia. The diagnosis of the specific causative organism requires laboratory confirmation.

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Incidence and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia in Rural Kenyan Children Identified through Hospital Surveillance

Cited by 140 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus circulating in Iran

Detection of three human adenovirus species in adults with acute respiratory infection in China

Radiological findings in 210 paediatric patients with viral pneumonia: a retrospective case study

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