Incidence and Risk Factors of Renal Impairment in Hiv-1 Infected Patients Receiving Tenofovir Based Antiretroviral Therapy in a South Indian Hospital

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is a major health problem around worldwide. One-third of the HIV-infected patients suffer from chronic hepatitis (HCV). The risk factors of coinfected patients are very high while compared to the monoinfected patients; they are having higher HCV viral load is associated with a severe liver damage. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically increases the survival of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients by preventing the depletion of CD4 cell counts and delaying the progression of fibrosis which reduces the complications related to end-stage liver damage. Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors are very commonly used drugs for the treatment of coinfection. Combination drugs and synthetic drugs are playing a pivotal role in the coinfection therapy. Under HAART, the coinfected patients are affected by many adverse effects such as mitochondrial toxicity, hypersensitivity, and lipodystrophy syndrome. However, the adverse effects of most herbal drugs are relatively less frequent when the drugs are used properly compared with synthetic drugs; it may help to protect the patients from severe adverse effects. This review collates to the importance of plant-derived drugs for the treatment of HIV-HCV coinfection.

Section: Selvaraj and Piramanayagammentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection: A Review on Necessity of Dietary Compounds for Antiretroviral Therapy

Selvaraj

Shanmughavel

2018

“…Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) [4][5][6][7][8] is a NRTI and a novel ester prodrug of the antiretroviral tenofovir. Its chemical name is ({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl) phosphoric acid and the molecular formula is C 21 H 29 N 6 O 5 P.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation and Forced Degradation Studies of Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Solid Dosage Form

Tejaswi

2019

Objective: A stability indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of emtricitabine (EMT), rilpivirine (RIL), and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in combined dosage forms and its API.Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on Waters ACQUITY RP-HPLC with PDA detector having Zodiac C18 Column (250×4.6×5μ) using mobile phase mixture of phosphate buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio of 40:60 v/v at 262 nm.Results: The assay was performed with tablets, and the % assay was found to be 100.104 for EMT, 99.74 for RIL, and 102.41 for TAF which shows that the method is useful for routine analysis. The linearity was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, which shows that the method is capable of producing good sensitivity. The retention time (RT) of EMT, RIL, and TAF using optimum conditions was found to be 2.517, 3.273, and 6.697 min. Forced degradation studies (FDS) were performed on sample using acid, base, thermal, photolytic, and peroxide degradation.Conclusion: Due to its simplicity, rapidness, high precision, and low RT value, this method was successfully applied to the estimation of EMT, RIL, and TAF combined dosage form. The drugs were found to be stable at FDS, and the net degradation was found to be within the limits.

“…To ensure more safe and effective treatment of patients at all levels of the health system, continuous evaluation and monitoring of the harm and benefits of ART are required [5]. Conducting genetic screening is of interest not only from the standpoint of preventing the development of side effects but also to reduce the cost of therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness of Hla-B*5701 Prospective Genetic Screening of Hypersensitivity to Abacavir

Loskutova

2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of genetic tests, before prescribing drugs to reduce not only the level of side effects but also the costs associated with changing therapy. In this paper, the authors analyze the economic efficiency of HLA*5701 prospective screening of hypersensitivity to abacavir (ABC) in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among HIV-infected patients taking first-line antiretroviral therapy and further, based on the results obtained with the ABC-hypersensitivity reactions, analyzed the costs that affect on healthcare system. Results:In the study group of HIV-infected patients, most of the cases belonged to a young, socially active part of the population. Among the study population of patients (n=637), 171 patients were assigned ABC-containing antiretroviral therapy. An increase in costs was found in 67% of cases when ABC-containing first-line therapy was replaced due to the occurrence of undesirable reactions. Conclusion:The results show that, using this screening, we could reduce the costs associated with replacement therapy.