Incidence and risk factors for adalimumab and infliximab anti-drug antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: A European retrospective multicohort analysis

A single T cell epitope drives the neutralizing anti-drug antibody response to natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients

“…The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies and other biopharmaceutical products can result in an immune response to the drug that, in some cases, affects its efficacy due to the production of neutralizing ADAs 5 . Several clinical studies have measured ADA levels in sera of selected cohorts of patients and concluded that not all antibody responses lead to drug neutralization [6][7][8][9][10][11] . However, an explanation for these heterogeneous responses and an integrated characterization of the B and T cell responses to the drug are still missing.…”

Association of female sex and positive rheumatoid factor with low serum infliximab and anti-drug antibodies, related to treatment failure in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the SWEFOT trial population

“…Female sex and RF positivity were related to lower sIFX and ADA positivity, which is, to our knowledge, a novel and clinically relevant finding. In two previous studies on established RA, there was no significant relationship between RF positivity and ADAs to different biological agents, but the study populations included varied widely (4,13). Meanwhile, Takeuchi et al found in established RA an association between low autoantibody titres at baseline (RF and anti-CCP) and high levels of sIFX at follow-up (14).…”

“…Approximately one-third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) respond poorly and one-third lose the response to biological drugs, including the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor infliximab (IFX) (1,2). Immunogenicity is considered an important reason for treatment failure, and the proportion of RA patients reported to develop anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against IFX ranges from 12% to 54% (3,4). Furthermore, observational studies, mostly in established disease, have found an association between ADA and/or low serum infliximab (sIFX) levels and lack of response (5,6).…”

Update on the Pathomechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…There are several clinical studies comparing treatment efficacy and side-effects between infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept [239][240][241][242]. Here, it was shown that TNF-α neutralizing antibodies possess a high potential to induce the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) (detection of ADAs within 18 months of treatment in either the adalimumab (19.2%-31.2% of patients) or infliximab group (17.4-29.4% of patients)) [239][240][241]243]. ADAs can not only decrease drug levels in serum, but also raise safety concerns like induction of type I-III hypersensitivity responses [244].…”