Incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west Germany in 2004

Karsten, C.; Baumgarte, Sigrid; Friedrich, Alexander; Eiff, Christof von; Becker, Karsten; Wosniok, Werner; Ammon, Andrea; Bockemühl, J; Karch, Helge; Huppertz, Hans‐Iko

doi:10.1007/s10096-009-0729-1

Cited by 96 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, the incidence of general practitioner consultations for norovirus was only slightly lower than that from a recent study in Germany, which used RT-PCR diagnosis for norovirus, but again this study had a narrower case definition for IID (2 or more loose stools, or 2 or more vomiting episodes in 24 hours) (21). The incidence of norovirus-associated IID may also have been higher than normal during our study because a new variant of norovirus emerged during 1995 and 1996 (22)(23)(24); emergence of norovirus variants has been associated with increased disease incidence (25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and to produce new incidence estimates for England. IID cases were ascertained in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England (1993England ( -1996, and stool specimens were tested by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for norovirus. The age-adjusted community incidence of norovirus-associated IID was 4.5/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 3.8, 5.2), equating to 2 million episodes/year. Among children aged less than 5 years, the community incidence was 21.4/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 15.9, 27.7), and the incidence of consultations to general practitioners for norovirus-associated IID was 3.2/100 person-years (95% credibility interval: 2.6, 3.8), with 100,000 children visiting their general practitioner for norovirus-associated IID each year. Norovirus is the most common cause of IID in the community in England and is responsible for a similar number of pediatric primary care consultations as rotavirus.England; gastroenteritis; incidence; Monte Carlo method; Norovirus; primary health care; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Abbreviations: IID, infectious intestinal disease; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Further work is needed to validate the use of a cycle threshold value cutoff for use in studies without a control group. Asymptomatic norovirus infection is very common (1,16,21,(33)(34)(35). Therefore, this quantitative approach provides the most rigorous estimate of norovirus disease burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

et al. 2010

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“…Types 40 and 41 are responsible for 1%-20% cases of diarrhoea in young children. Other species such as A (types 12, 18, and 31), C (types 1, 2, and 5) and D (types 28,29,30,32,37,[43][44][45][46] have also been associated with diarrhoea (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterisation of adenovirus in children under 5 years old with diarrhoea

Çolak¹,

Bozdayı²,

Altay³

et al. 2017

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: To determine the frequency, genotype distribution, and genetic relatedness of adenoviruses in children under 5 years old with diarrhoea and to investigate their distribution according to clinical findings, age, months, and seasons.Materials and methods: Stool samples were collected from 180 children with acute gastroenteritis who presented from July 2007 through June 2011 at the Ankara Training and Education Hospital. Stool samples were analysed by immune chromatographic test (ICT), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All adenovirus types were determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega 6.0 using the neighbour-joining method.Results: Five percent of the samples were positive for adenovirus (9/180) by ICT, 6.1% (11/180) by EIA, and 13.9% (25/180) by PCR. Adenovirus gastroenteritis did not show any differences in age group, sex, month, or season. In this study, 16 (64%) of the PCR positive samples were AdV41, 6 (24%) were AdV40, 2 (8%) were AdV31, and 1 (4%) was AdV7, as determined by nucleotide sequencing. Conclusion:AdV31 and AdV7 were associated with gastroenteritis. Adenovirus serotypes showed a similarity of 80% (20/25) and 20% (5/25) with Asian and American serotypes, respectively.

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“…Norovirus infection has also been identified in a substantial proportion of individuals with no IID symptoms in several community-based studies, with prevelances of up to 16 % reported in high-income countries [1,[5][6][7]. Volunteer studies have demonstrated the occurrence of norovirus infection with no concurrent IID symptoms after experimental inoculation [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease (IID) and asymptomatic norovirus infection. Individuals with IID and healthy controls were recruited in a community-based study in England (1993England ( -1996. This is the first risk-factor study to use viral load measurements, generated by real-time RT-PCR, to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and asymptomatic infections. Using multivariable logistic regression the main risk factor identified for norovirus-associated IID was contact with a person with IID symptoms. Infectious contacts accounted for 54 % of norovirus cases in young children and 39 % of norovirus cases in older children and adults. For young children, contacts outside the household presented the highest risk ; for older children and adults, the highest risk was associated with child contacts inside the household. Foreign travel and consumption of shellfish increased the risk of norovirus-associated IID. Lifestyle and dietary factors were associated with a decreased risk of both norovirus-associated IID and asymptomatic infection. No risk factors were identified for asymptomatic norovirus infection.

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Incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west Germany in 2004

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community in England

Detection and molecular characterisation of adenovirus in children under 5 years old with diarrhoea

Risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infection in the community

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