Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B in the United States, 1982–1998: Implications for Vaccination Programs

Goldstein, Susan T.; Alter, Miriam J.; Williams, Ian T.; Moyer, Linda A.; Judson, Franklyn N.; Mottram, Karen; Fleenor, Michael; Ryder, Patricia L.; Margolis, Harold S.

doi:10.1086/339192

Cited by 246 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar to data previously reported in the United States (19,20), HBV marker prevalence in Paraná State was higher in black women. This finding might be related to a higher prevalence of HBV infection among the first black inhabitants that settled in Paraná State.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Paraná State, Brazil

Bertolini

Pinho

Saraceni

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Brazil increases from South to North but moderate to elevated prevalence has been detected in the Southwest of Paraná State. The prevalence of serological markers of HBV was evaluated in 3188 pregnant women from different counties in Paraná State and relevant epidemiological features were described. The prevalence of HBV markers in pregnant women for the state as a whole was 18.5% (95% CI = 17.2-19.9), ranging from 7.2% in Curitiba to 38.5% in Francisco Beltrão. The endemicity of HBV marker prevalence in pregnant women was intermediate in Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu, and Francisco Beltrão, and low in Curitiba, Londrina, Maringá, and Paranaguá. Multiple logistic regression showed that HBV marker prevalence increased with age, was higher among black women, among women of Italian and German descent, and among women who had family members in neighboring Rio Grande do Sul State. Univariate analysis showed that HBV marker prevalence was also higher among women with no education or only primary education, with a lower family income and whose families originated from the South Region of Brazil. Pregnant women not having positive HBV markers (anti-HBc, HBsAg or anti-HBs detected by ELISA) corresponded to 73.7% of the population studied, implying that HBV vaccination needs to be reinforced in Paraná State. The highest prevalence was found in three counties that received the largest number of families from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, where most immigrants were of German or Italian ascendance. This finding probably indicates that immigrants that came to this area brought HBV infection to Southwestern Paraná State.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Paraná State, Brazil

Bertolini

Pinho

Saraceni

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…36 However, by 2000, 90% of 19-to 36-month-old children had been fully immunized with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, 37 and the incidence of acute hepatitis B among children less than 15 years old had decreased by 75%. 38 Because the risk of developing chronic infection and its sequelae such as hepatocellular carcinoma is inversely related to age, routine childhood hepatitis B immunization will eventually have a major impact on hepatitis B-related chronic liver disease deaths among both children and adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. children

et al. 2003

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The epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. children is poorly characterized. We analyzed the incidence, mortality, and characteristics of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. residents less than 20 years of age. Fatal primary hepatic malignancies in persons less than 20 years of age, between 1979 and 1996, were identified using the multiple-cause-ofdeath database (National Center for Health Statistics). Histologically confirmed primary hepatic malignancies occurring between 1973 and 1997 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Between 1979 and 1996, 918 primary hepatic malignancy deaths (average, 0.7/1,000,000/year) were reported nationally among persons less than 20 years of age; rates were higher among Asians and among foreignborn children. Between 1973 and 1997, 271 primary hepatic malignancy cases were reported to SEER among persons less than 20 years of age, of which 184 (67%) and 83 (31%) were hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Among children less than 5 years of age, hepatoblastoma accounted for 91% of primary hepatic malignancy cases, whereas among those 15 to 19 years of age, hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 87% of cases. Five-year survival for hepatoblastoma was 52%, compared with 18% for hepatocellular carcinoma. In the SEER sites, between 1973 and 1977 and 1993 and 1997, hepatoblastoma rates increased (0.6 to 1.2/1,000,000, respectively), while hepatocellular carcinoma rates decreased (0.45 to 0.29/1,000,000, respectively). In conclusion, histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma was reported in children less than 5 years of age, also, where hepatoblastoma is the predominant primary hepatic malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma has worse survival rates than hepatoblastoma, and its incidence has not increased. Better maintenance of databases may provide information about associated factors behind this unexpected occurrence. (HEPATOLOGY 2003;38:560-566.) P rimary hepatic malignancies are rare in children. 1

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“…4 In four sentinel counties reporting to CDC, 18% of acute HBV cases between 1982 and 1998 with risk factor data available were in persons reporting recent injection drug use. 5 In 2004, among acute cases reported nationally to CDC with risk factor data, 16% reported recent use of injection drugs, 6 which is approximately the same percentage as in the four sentinel counties. 7 In populations of IDUs, prevalence of HBV infection has ranged from 22 to 68% [8][9][10][11] and incidence rates of 10 and 31% per year have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence, Risk Behaviors, and Preventive Measures among Seattle Injection Drug Users Aged 18–30 Years, 1994–2004

et al. 2007

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Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Information on time trends in prevalence of these viruses among IDUs and in behaviors influencing their transmission can help define the status of these epidemics and of public health efforts to control them. We conducted a secondary data analysis combining crosssectional data from IDUs aged 18-30 years enrolled in four Seattle-area studies from 1994 to 2004. Participants in all four studies were tested for antibody to HIV (anti-HIV), hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and HCV (anti-HCV), and completed behavioral risk assessments. Logistic regression was used to investigate trends in prevalence over time after controlling for sociodemographic, drug use, and sexual behavior variables. Between 1994 and 2004, anti-HBc prevalence declined from 43 to 15% (p G 0.001), anti-HCV prevalence fell from 68 to 32% (p G 0.001) and anti-HIV prevalence remained constant at 2-3%. Declines in anti-HBc and anti-HCV prevalence were observed within the individual studies, although not all these declines were statistically significant. The declines in anti-HBc and anti-HCV prevalence remained significant after control for confounding. Although we did not observe coincident declines in injection equipment sharing practices, there were increases in self-reported needle-exchange use, condom use, and hepatitis B vaccination. We conclude that there has been a substantial and sustained reduction in prevalence rates for HBV and HCV infection among young Seattle IDUs, while HIV rates have remained low and stable.

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B in the United States, 1982–1998: Implications for Vaccination Programs

Cited by 246 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Paraná State, Brazil

Prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women from Paraná State, Brazil

Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in U.S. children

Trends in Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence, Risk Behaviors, and Preventive Measures among Seattle Injection Drug Users Aged 18–30 Years, 1994–2004

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