Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Eggen, C.A.M.; Durgaram, V.V.L.; Doorn, Remco van; Mooi, Wolter J.; Pardo, Luba M.; Pasmans, Suzanne G.M.A.; Hollestein, Loes

doi:10.1111/jdv.14665

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Following a steadily increasing trend in melanoma IRs since 1995, overall pediatric malignant melanoma IRs have been declining since 2005 by 7.6% and 6.0% annually in Texas and the United States, respectively, with similar trends seen in the adolescent and NH white subgroups. Similar decreases in the United States since the early‐ to mid‐2000s have been previously reported, and decreases starting as early as the 1990s have been reported in other studies of melanoma incidence from high‐income countries with predominantly Caucasian populations in Europe and Australia …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Malignant melanoma incidence among children and adolescents in Texas and SEER 13, 1995–2013

Danysh

Navai

Scheurer

et al. 2019

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background Epidemiological knowledge and predictors of melanoma among children and adolescents in multiethnic populations are limited. Procedure Using data from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 13 database, we identified incident melanoma cases diagnosed at 0–20 years old during 1995–2013 in Texas and the United States, respectively. Using negative binomial regression, associations between demographic factors and melanoma incidence rates (IR) were evaluated by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Annual percent change in IRs was assessed with joinpoint regression. Results Overall, the melanoma IR was 4.16 (TCR, n = 634) and 4.84 (SEER, n = 1260) per million. Females, adolescents, non‐Hispanic (NH) whites, and Hispanics had higher IRs compared with other groups (P < 0.05). In adjusted analyses, Hispanics had a higher incidence of melanoma than NH non‐whites (Texas IRR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.30–3.61; SEER IRR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.97–4.21). In Texas, NH whites with melanoma were more likely to live in low poverty areas, whereas the opposite trend was observed in Hispanics. Melanoma IRs increased throughout 1995–2004 followed by an average annual decrease of 7.6% (95% CI, −12.6%, −2.2%) in Texas and 6.0% (95% CI, −8.5%, −3.4%) in SEER during 2005–2013 (P < 0.05). However, these decreasing trends were not observed among Hispanics or those <10 years old. Conclusion Although the overall melanoma IR in children and adolescents appears to be decreasing, this trend is not evident among Hispanics and young children, implicating the need for further research investigating the etiologies and risk factors in these groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Malignant melanoma incidence among children and adolescents in Texas and SEER 13, 1995–2013

Danysh

Navai

Scheurer

et al. 2019

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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“…This fact is especially relevant in adolescents, as many cases are germ cell tumours and carcinomas 1 . The candidate explanatory groups for the increase in at least a part of the period are thyroid carcinoma, 31 testicular tumours, 32 and melanoma 33 . In particular, the patterns for Belarus are probably shaped by the pronounced increase and later waning of thyroid cancer incidence during the study period, reflecting exposure to the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991–2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System): a population-based study

Steliarova‐Foucher

Fidler

Colombet

et al. 2018

The Lancet Oncology

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SummaryBackgroundA deceleration in the increase in cancer incidence in children and adolescents has been reported in several national and regional studies in Europe. Based on a large database representing 1·3 billion person-years over the period 1991–2010, we provide a consolidated report on cancer incidence trends at ages 0–19 years.MethodsWe invited all population-based cancer registries operating in European countries to participate in this population-based registry study. We requested a listing of individual records of cancer cases, including sex, age, date of birth, date of cancer diagnosis, tumour sequence number, primary site, morphology, behaviour, and the most valid basis of diagnosis. We also requested population counts in each calendar year by sex and age for the registration area, from official national sources, and specific information about the covered area and registration practices. An eligible registry could become a contributor if it provided quality data for all complete calendar years in the period 1991–2010. Incidence rates and the average annual percentage change with 95% CIs were reported for all cancers and major diagnostic groups, by region and overall, separately for children (age 0–14 years) and adolescents (age 15–19 years). We examined and quantified the stability of the trends with joinpoint analyses.FindingsFor the years 1991–2010, 53 registries in 19 countries contributed a total of 180 335 unique cases. We excluded 15 162 (8·4%) of 180 335 cases due to differing practices of registration, and considered the quality indicators for the 165 173 cases included to be satisfactory. The average annual age-standardised incidence was 137·5 (95% CI 136·7–138·3) per million person-years and incidence increased significantly by 0·54% (0·44–0·65) per year in children (age 0–14 years) with no change in trend. In adolescents, the combined European incidence was 176·2 (174·4–178·0) per million person-years based on all 35 138 eligible cases and increased significantly by 0·96% (0·73–1·19) per year, although recent changes in rates among adolescents suggest a deceleration in this increasing trend. We observed temporal variations in trends by age group, geographical region, and diagnostic group. The combined age-standardised incidence of leukaemia based on 48 458 cases in children was 46·9 (46·5–47·3) per million person-years and increased significantly by 0·66% (0·48–0·84) per year. The average overall incidence of leukaemia in adolescents was 23·6 (22·9–24·3) per million person-years, based on 4702 cases, and the average annual change was 0·93% (0·49–1·37). We also observed increasing incidence of lymphoma in adolescents (average annual change 1·04% [0·65–1·44], malignant CNS tumours in children (average annual change 0·49% [0·20–0·77]), and other tumours in both children (average annual change 0·56 [0·40–0·72]) and adolescents (average annual change 1·17 [0·82–1·53]).InterpretationImprovements in the diagnosis and registration of cancers over time could partly explain the observed increase in in...

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“…Pediatric melanoma is rare but is captured in registries [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] and is eagerly discussed [ 2 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The literature describes it in patients from <10 to ≤21 years of age [ 3 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Melanoma and Drug Development

Rose¹,

Grant‐Kels

2018

Children

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Importance—Pediatric melanoma occurs, albeit rarely. Should patients be treated by today’s medical standards, or be subjected to medically unnecessary clinical studies? Observations—We identified international, industry-sponsored pediatric melanoma studies triggered by regulatory demands in and further pediatric melanoma studies demanded by European Union pediatric investigation plans. We retrieved related regulatory documents from the internet. We analyzed these studies for rationale and medical beneficence on the basis of physiology, pediatric clinical pharmacology and rationale. Regulatory authorities define children by chronological age, not physiologically. Newborns’ organs are immature but they develop and mature rapidly. Separate proof of efficacy in underage patients is justified formally/regulatorily but lacks medical sense. Children—especially post-puberty—and adults vis-a-vis medications are physiologically very similar. Two adolescent melanoma studies were terminated in 2016 because of waning recruitment, while five studies in pediatric melanoma and other solid tumors, triggered by European Union pediatric investigation plans, continue recruiting worldwide. Conclusions and Relevance—Regulatory-demanded pediatric melanoma studies are medically superfluous. Melanoma patients of all ages should be treated with effective combination treatment. Babies need special attention. Children need dose-finding and pharmacokinetic studies but adolescents metabolize and respond to drugs similarly to adults. Institutional Review Boards/ethics committees should suspend ongoing questionable pediatric melanoma studies and reject newly submitted questionable studies.

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Incidence and relative survival of melanoma in children and adolescents in the Netherlands, 1989–2013

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Malignant melanoma incidence among children and adolescents in Texas and SEER 13, 1995–2013

Malignant melanoma incidence among children and adolescents in Texas and SEER 13, 1995–2013

Changing geographical patterns and trends in cancer incidence in children and adolescents in Europe, 1991–2010 (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System): a population-based study

Pediatric Melanoma and Drug Development

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