Incidence and prognostic value of spindles in post-traumatic coma

Delta–alpha ratio correlates with level of recovery after neurorehabilitation in patients with acquired brain injury

“…It is well known that EEG tests have a prognostic significance in the acute stage of post-traumatic coma, and consequently, certain EEG variables have been correlated to outcome. For instance, spindle activity and reactivity are associated with good recovery (Rumpl et al, 1983).…”

Electrophysiologic Evaluation of Diffuse Axonal Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Abnormal spindle formations occur because of midbrain involvement with sparing of thalamic structures [25]. In patients who have supratentorial lesions, spindle coma suggests the presence of intact cortical function and good prognosis [26,27]. Spindle-coma is considered as a benign form of coma, with EEG reactivity to stimuli that may herald a favorable outcome [28,29].…”

“…Symmetric occurrence of spindles may be associated with a good prognosis, and asymmetric or decreased spindles may be associated with a poor prognosis [26]. In patients who have chronic coma, recovery may occur over many months or years.…”

Sleep Spindles – As a Biomarker of Brain Function and Plasticity

“…They observed spindle activity in 91% of patients of posttraumatic coma, and 30% of these went to prolonged coma. Symmetrical occurrence of spindles was found to be of good prognosis, asymmetry and decrease of spindles showed a rather poor prognosis [81].…”

“…Spindles in comatose patients are best demonstrated during first few days [81] after trauma. They observed spindle activity in 91% of patients of posttraumatic coma, and 30% of these went to prolonged coma.…”