Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study

Abstract

BackgroundChoriocarcinoma usually occurs in females and sometimes occurs in the testicles of males. Extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males was previously described in case reports, and our understanding of this type of cancer has remained limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence, treatment and prognostic factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males.Materials and methodsTwo cohorts were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program by histology, tumor site and sex. One cohort of 115 patients was created using the SEER nine registries (1973–2014) to estimate the incidence. The other cohort of 197 patients was created using the SEER 18 registries (1973–2013) to estimate the patient demographics and survival.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 30 years. The most common primary tumor location was the mediastinum followed by the retroperitoneum and the brain. Approximately 23% of patients underwent beam radiation therapy, whereas 63.5% underwent surgery. The estimated one- and 5-year cause-specific survival rates were 49% and 35%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the age at diagnosis, ie, a younger age of 0–19 years old, and the primary tumor site, ie, the brain, were the independent prognostic factors and were correlated with a favorable prognosis. The median survival time of patients was 186 months, 13 months and 4 months in the 0–19, 20–49 and 50+ years of age, respectively.ConclusionExtragonadal choriocarcinoma in males is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. A young age at diagnosis and primary tumor site in the brain were the independent prognostic factors.

Incidence and prognostic factors of cranial and spinal choriocarcinomas

“…They are frequently found in the gonads but may be extragonadal, too. extragonadal choriocarcinomas occur at an early age and are Table 4: Analysis of patients with cranial choriocarcinoma who did not undergo surgery in the Seer database often seen in midline locations such as mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pineal gland (8,9). They are highly resistant to standard treatments.…”

GATA‐3 expression in primary pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder

“…Choriocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm that mainly occurs in the uterus and ovaries following a molar pregnancy in females. In males, testicular choriocarcinoma is most common among patients in their 20s and 30s . Extragonadal choriocarcinoma usually develops in midline structures like the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pineal gland but rarely occurs in other organs such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, breasts, or urinary bladder .…”

“…1 Extragonadal choriocarcinoma usually develops in midline structures like the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pineal gland but rarely occurs in other organs such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, breasts, or urinary bladder. 1 To date, only 42 cases of primary choriocarcinoma of the bladder have been reported, and 67% of those included urothelial carcinoma. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Thus, primary pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder is extremely rare.…”

“…In males, testicular choriocarcinoma is most common among patients in their 20s and 30s . Extragonadal choriocarcinoma usually develops in midline structures like the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pineal gland but rarely occurs in other organs such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, breasts, or urinary bladder . To date, only 42 cases of primary choriocarcinoma of the bladder have been reported, and 67% of those included urothelial carcinoma .…”

Coexistence of gastric choriocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma with reproductive hormone secretion in a man: a case report

“…Choricarcinoma is a rapidly progressive, widely metastatic, β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β - hCG)-secreting neoplasm, 1 which typically occurs in females at the origin of the chorionic epithelium of the placenta, and is commonly correlated with gestation. 2 However, it can also occur as a non-gestational malignancy, which can be gonadal or extragonadal in origin. Primary gastric choriocarcinoma is a rare tumor that accounts for approximately 0.08% of all gastric cancers.…”