Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infection among HIV -infected children attending antiretroviral treatment clinic at Northeast Ethiopia, public hospitals 2022: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

Birrie, Endalk; Tefera, Birhanu Desu; Zeleke, Mulusew; Nebyu, Samuel; Tilahun, Lehulu; W/Selassie, Mulugeta; Tefera, Zenebe

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104910

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Following the collection phase, the study encountered the need to exclude 13 patients due to either the lack of specificity regarding the infection or inadequate documentation, resulting in a final sample size of 533 patients. Data extraction focused on recording detailed information from each patient's file, including identification, demographic details, diagnosed infection, the commencement of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), and the antibiotics used for treating the opportunistic infections (25)(26). The analytical process utilized SPSS version 25 for a quantitative examination of the collected data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Unit, Islamabad Pakistan

Qayyum,

Khan,

Rukh

2024

JHRR

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Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) pose a considerable threat to HIV-infected individuals, especially in regions with varied environmental exposures and healthcare resources. The prevalence and severity of these infections are influenced by factors such as local pathogen profiles, host genetics, and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of opportunistic infections among male HIV-positive patients at an ART adherence unit in Islamabad, Pakistan, and to compare these with regional trends. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was utilized, encompassing a review of medical records from 533 male HIV-positive patients over a seven-month period. Data collection focused on demographic details, infection types, and treatment regimens. Exclusion criteria included incomplete files and unspecified OIs. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with frequencies and percentages calculated to assess the prevalence of each infection type. Results: Out of 533 patients, 149 (27.95%) developed at least one opportunistic infection. Respiratory infections were most common, with tuberculosis (TB) found in 25 (16.77%) patients. Skin-related infections were observed in 37 (24.83%) patients, primarily associated with intravenous drug use. Oral thrush was present in 11 (7.38%) patients. Other infections included urinary tract infections in 5 (3.35%) patients and various less common OIs. Conclusion: The study revealed that OIs remain a significant health challenge for HIV-positive individuals, with a notable prevalence of respiratory and skin infections. Early and sustained ART, along with preventive healthcare measures, are crucial in managing and reducing OIs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Unit, Islamabad Pakistan

Qayyum,

Khan,

Rukh

2024

JHRR

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“…The scores were summed and changed to percentages. Finally, 13 studies that received a quality score of > 50% were included in this meta-analysis [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][30][31][32] (Additional Table 2).…”

Section: Quality Assessment/critical Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest 26 articles were assessed by reviewing the full text. Finally, a total of 13 studies were eligible and included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][30][31][32] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this meta-analysis, a total of 13 studies were used to estimate the pooled incidence rate of TB among HIVinfected children in Ethiopia [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][30][31][32]. Accordingly, the incidence rate of TB among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia was found to be 3.77 (95% CI: 2.83, 5.02) per 100-person-year observations using a random effect model.…”

Section: The Pooled Incidence Rate Of Tb Among Hiv-infected Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, studies revealed that the incidence of TB among HIV-infected children varies across regions with the highest rate (9.6 per 100 person-years) in the Benshangul Gumz region [17] to the lowest rate (2 per 100 person-years)in the Amhara region [18]. Similarly, other previous primary studies have also reported inconsistent findings regarding the incidence of TB among HIV-positive children [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. With this discrepancy, the pooled incidence rate of TB for children (aged 0-14 years) living with HIV is not estimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Girma,

Abita,

Shifera

et al. 2024

BMC Pediatr

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Background Tuberculosis is one the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease, caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis. In Ethiopia, even though several primary studies have been conducted on the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children, the pooled incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children (aged 0–14 years) is unknown. Therefore, the main objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to estimate the pooled incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children and its predictors in Ethiopia. Method International electronic databases such as PubMed, HINARI, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were searched using different search engines. Quality of primary studies was checked using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The heterogeneity of studies was tested using I-square statistics. Publication bias was tested using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Forest plots and tables were used to present the results. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled incidence of tuberculosis among children living with HIV. Result A total of 13 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children was 3.77 (95% CI: 2.83, 5.02) per 100-person-year observations. Advanced HIV disease (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.9; 3.88), didn’t receive complete vaccination (HR: 4.40, 95% CI: 2.16; 8.82), stunting (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.64, 3.33), underweight (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.61; 3.22), didn’t receive Isoniazid preventive therapy (HR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.22, 5.96), anemia (HR: 3.04, 95% CI: 2.34; 3.98), fair or poor antiretroviral therapy adherence (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.84; 3.40) and didn’t receive cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (HR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.26; 4.40) were predictors of tuberculosis coinfection among HIV infected children. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that the overall pooled incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children was high in Ethiopia as compared to the END TB strategy targets. Therefore, emphasis has to be given to drug adherence (ART and Isoniazid) and nutritional counseling. Moreover, early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition and anemia are critical to reduce the risk of TB coinfection. Registration Registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42023474956.

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Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infection among HIV -infected children attending antiretroviral treatment clinic at Northeast Ethiopia, public hospitals 2022: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Unit, Islamabad Pakistan

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients at Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Unit, Islamabad Pakistan

Incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

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