Incidence and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in a Community Sample of HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Drug Users

Miller, Maureen; Cespedes, Christian; Bhat, Meera; Vavagiakis, Peter; Klein, Robert S.; Lowy, Franklin D.

doi:10.1086/519429

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although this study was performed in the HAART era (75% of the patients was using HAART), we still show a significant higher carriage rate compared to healthy individuals. A recently published longitudinal study of 282 community-based drug users showed that both incidence and persistence of S. aureus carriage were increased among HIV-seropositive individuals, which is in agreement with our findings [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Host–microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients

Melles∗¹,

Pauw²,

Boogaard³

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Host–microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients

Melles∗¹,

Pauw²,

Boogaard³

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…When isolates from subjects were cultured at 6-month intervals, the likelihood of new S. aureus nasal colonization was twice as great among HIV-infected subjects as that among non-HIV-infected subjects (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6). Furthermore, among the nine subjects with MRSA colonization in the first 18 months, seven were HIV infected (610).…”

Section: Military Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, foreign-body infections, and sepsis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported in populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system. This increase in the incidence of MRSA infection has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA clones known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from the older, health care-associated MRSA strains; they infect a different group of patients, they cause different clinical syndromes, they differ in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, they spread rapidly among healthy people in the community, and they frequently cause infections in health care environments as well. This review details what is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection. It also addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.

show abstract

“…10,11 Nasal carriage of S. aureus is a major risk factor for staphylococcal infection, and S. aureus carriers are more prone to staphylococcal infection and experience recurrence of disease, especially if they are colonized persistently, compared with individuals who do not carry S. aureus. 5,12 HIV infection has also been associated with a greater risk of colonization 13,14 as well as infection; thus, children with HIV represent a high-risk group. We sought to describe the prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization in children in southern Botswana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Uninfected Children in Botswana: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Reid

Fischer

Mannathoko

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A major risk factor for staphylococcal infection is S. aureus colonization of the anterior nares. We sought to define risk factors for S. aureus carriage and characterize antimicrobial resistance patterns in children in Botswana. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two clinical sites in southern Botswana. Patients under 18 years of age underwent two nasal swabs and brief interviews, 4 weeks apart. Standard microbiological techniques were used. For persistent carriers, S. aureus was isolated from swabs at both time points, and for intermittent carriers, S. aureus was isolated from only one swab. Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used to compare prevalence of carriage and the resistance phenotypes. Among 56 enrollees, prevalence of S. aureus colonization was 55% (N = 31), of whom 42% (N = 13) were persistent carriers. Of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, 64% (N = 9) were carriers. Risk factors for nasal carriage included a history of tuberculosis (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 2.51; P = 0.040) and closer proximity to health care (PR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99; P = 0.048). Prior pneumonia was more common among persistent rather than intermittent carriers (PR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.64, 4.23; P < 0.001). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence was 13%. Of isolates tested, 16% were resistant to three or more drugs (N = 7/44). In summary, children in southern Botswana are frequently colonized with S. aureus. Antibiotic resistance, especially MRSA, is also widespread. Antibiotic recommendations for treatment of staphylococcal infections in SSA should take cognizance of these resistance patterns.

show abstract

Incidence and Persistence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in a Community Sample of HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Drug Users

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Host–microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients

Host–microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected and Uninfected Children in Botswana: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About