Incidence and pathophysiological changes in chronic two-kidney hypertension in the dog

Be, Watkins; Davis, JO; Rc, Hanson; Lohmeier, TE; Freeman, R. H.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.3.954

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…1979b) and other investigators have also reported that several progressive adjustments of the constrictive device were often necessary to reliably achieve systemic hypertension (e.g. Lupu, Maxwell, Kaufman & White, 1972;Tagawa, Gutmann, Haber, Miller, Samuels & Barger, 1974;Ayers et al 1974;Watkins, Davis, Hanson, Lohmeier & Freeman, 1976). The present experiments may point to another method; namely production of a moderate stenosis gradient while the kidney is vasoconstricted pharmacologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of renal vascular tone in determining the severity of renal artery stenosis in dogs.

Anderson¹,

Korner²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects of the state of renal vascular tone during induction of renal artery stenosis on the subsequent systemic blood pressure and renin responses have been studied in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs.2. In one group of dogs, renal vascular tone was altered by brief (2-3 min) renal artery infusions of ACh, saline, methoxamine or angiotensin II during narrowing of the renal artery to reduce distal pressure to 40 mmHg. The infusions were turned off 1 min later.3. The more vasoconstricted the kidney at the time of stenosis, the slower was the restoration of distal renal artery pressure and the greater the rises in systemic blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and effective stenosis resistance. At the end of 1 hr of stenosis, the rises in systemic blood pressure were 4-3 + 3.3, 11X3 + 3 3, 28-9 + 3X3 and 26X3 + 2X8 mmHg for the ACh, saline, methoxamine and angiotensin II-infused dogs respectively; rises in PRA were 0-3 + 0-24, 1P18 + 0-42, 5 09 + 1P38 and 4-02 + 0 74 ng/ml. per hr respectively.4. In another group of dogs a given aortic-renal artery pressure gradient was produced on two occasions: (i) with the animal conscious; (ii) under brief sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia and preparation for surgery. After 24 hr systemic blood pressure had risen by 15-7 + 3-6 mmHg above initial values when stenosis was induced under anaesthesia (P < 0.05) and only by 1-2 + 3-6 mmHg (N.S.) when it was induced with the animal conscious. Corresponding rises in PRA were 1-29 + 0-42 (P < 0.05) and 0-25 + 0.11 (N.S.) ng/ml. per hr. Establishment of a given gradient in the high vascular resistance kidney of the anaesthetized dog thus requires greater narrowing of the renal artery than in the lower resistance renal bed of the conscious animal.5. The tone of the renal vascular bed is a major determinant of the severity of renal artery stenosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The importance of renal vascular tone in determining the severity of renal artery stenosis in dogs.

Anderson¹,

Korner²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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“…27 * 28 Though this is the case in acute animal models, it is less clearly so in humans and animals with chronic renal artery lesions. 29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified captopril renography in diagnosis and treatment of renal artery stenosis.

et al. 1991

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To improve the diagnosis and forecast the response to surgery or renal angioplasty in patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis, we employed a simplified captopril renography protocol in conjunction with renal arteriography in 94 clinically selected patients. Fifty hypertensive patients (group 1) with a high clinical likelihood of renovascular hypertension were evaluated using a simplified captopril renography protocol and renal angiography on the arterial side. Criteria for normal captopril renal scintigrams were established based on this original cohort and validated in an additional 44 clinically comparable patients (group 2). Renal revascularization or nephrectomy was performed in 39 patients, and success of the procedure was determined in the 34 patients for whom 3-month follow-up was available. In the 94 patients, 44 (47%) had renal artery stenosis. Simplified captopril renography was 91% sensitive and 94% specific in identifying or excluding renal artery stenosis in the combined group, with no difference in the diagnostic utility between groups 1 and 2, or in those with renal insufficiency (n=38) or those with bilateral disease (n=17). Scintigraphic abnormalities induced by captopril were strongly associated with cure or improvement in blood pressure control following revascularization or nephrectomy (15 of 18), while the lack of captoprilinduced changes was associated with failure of such intervention (13 of 16) (/?=0.0004). We conclude that simplified captopril renography is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis in a clinically selected high-risk population and that the test accurately predicts the success or failure of therapeutic intervention. {Hypertension 1991; 18:289-298)

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“…As reported by DAVIS (1977), the response to renal artery stenosis greatly differs between dogs and rats. In fact, in rats, constriction of one renal artery produces chronic hypertension and maintains elevation of PRA during the chronic stage (DAVIS, 1977), whereas in the dogs with chronic two-kidney hypertension, PRA is normal (WATKINS et al, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of captopril on blood pressure and regional blood flows in two types of renovascular hypertensive rats in conscious state.

1988

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Mean arterial pressure and three regional blood flows-renal, superior mesenteric, and hindquarter flows-were monitored in conscious normotensive control rats (NCR), in two-kidney, one-clip (two-kidney), and in one-kidney, one-clip (one-kidney) hypertensive rats. After administering captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, mean arterial pressure decreased in all three groups. However, lowering of arterial pressure was not statistically significant in any of the groups. Renal flow increased significantly in the intact artery of two-kidney hypertensive rats, whereas it did not significantly increase in the clipped artery of one-kidney hypertensive rats and in the intact artery of NCR. Superior mesenteric flow increased significantly only in one-kidney hypertensive rats. Hindquarter flow did not significantly change in the three groups. Regional resistance reduced significantly in not only renal but also in superior mesenteric vascular area in two-kidney hypertensive rats, whereas it did not reduce significantly in these two vascular areas in one-kidney hypertensive rats and in NCR. The present findings show that the reninangiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction plays a role in not only renal but also in superior mesenteric vascular area in two-kidney hypertensive rats, whereas it hardly plays a role in these three vascular beds in one-kidney hypertensive rats.

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Incidence and pathophysiological changes in chronic two-kidney hypertension in the dog

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

The importance of renal vascular tone in determining the severity of renal artery stenosis in dogs.

The importance of renal vascular tone in determining the severity of renal artery stenosis in dogs.

Simplified captopril renography in diagnosis and treatment of renal artery stenosis.

Acute effects of captopril on blood pressure and regional blood flows in two types of renovascular hypertensive rats in conscious state.

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