Incidence and Mortality of Nasopharynx Cancer and Its Relationship With Human Development Index in the World in 2012

Abstract

BackgroundOne of the most common cancers in head and neck is nasopharynx. Knowledge about the incidence and mortality of this disease and its distribution in terms of geographical areas is necessary for further study, better planning and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and mortality of nasopharynx cancer and its relationship with human development index (HDI) in the world in 2012.MethodsThis study was an ecological study conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of World Health Organization (WHO) for the countries in world. The correlation between standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and standardized mortality rates (SMRs) of nasopharynx cancer with HDI and its components was assessed with correlation coefficient by using SPSS 15.ResultsIn 2012, 86,691 nasopharynx cancer cases occurred in the world, so that 60,896 new cases were seen in men and 25,795 new cases in women (sex ratio = 2.36). SIR of the cancer was 1.2 per 100,000 (1.7 in men and 0.7 in women per 100,000) in the world. In 2012, 50,831 nasopharynx death cases occurred in the world, so that 35,756 death cases were seen in men and 15,075 death cases in women (sex ratio = 2.37). SIR of mortality from the cancer was 0.7 per 100,000 (0.7 in women and 1 in men per 100,000) in the world. The results of correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the SIR and HDI (r = -0.037, P = 0.629), and also the results of correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the SMR and HDI (r = -0.237, P = 0.002).ConclusionNasopharyngeal cancer is native to Southeast Asia and the highest incidence and mortality were seen in countries with moderate and low HDI. It is suggested that studies are conducted on determining the causes of the cancer incidence and mortality in the world and the differences between various regions.

Low-Dose Aspirin Use Significantly Improves the Survival of Late-Stage NPC: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study in Taiwan

“…Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor in the head and neck areas. Unlike other head and neck cancers, NPC is characterized by increased invasiveness and metastasis [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Clinical presentation of NPC is highly varied and often results in delayed or missed diagnosis due to its anatomical position [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…NPC is largely undetected and diagnosis is delayed until the tumor reaches an advanced stage, at which time distal-organ metastasis is common. It is estimated that 30–60% of patients diagnosed with NPC will develop metastatic cancers, which account for the vast majority of NPC deaths [ 2 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…Although NPC is rare in most parts of the world, it has a higher regional incidence in Asia than in Western countries [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. The incidence rates of NPC in Southern China and Southeast Asia are among the highest in the world [ 2 , 8 , 9 ].…”

The Association of CYP2E1 Polymorphism and Environmental Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

“…NPC has a unique geographic distribution which common in South China and Southeast Asia [3], [4]. There were 86.500 cases of NPC and 50.000 deaths due to NPC worldwide [5]. In Indonesia, there are about 13.000 cases of NPC per year [6].…”

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Putative Role for the EBV-Encoded Oncoprotein, LMP1

“…Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a relatively rare type of head and neck cancer on a global scale, with an incidence of 1.2 cases per 100,000 people, worldwide. However, it exhibits unusually high incidence rates in parts of Southeast Asia, with between 15 and 50 cases per 100,000 in the population [1]. There are numerous causal factors for NPC, including dietary preferences, environmental risk factors and hereditary genetic predispositions, but uniquely, undifferentiated NPC is 100% associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection [2].…”