Incidence and management of malaria in two communities of different socio—economic level, in Accra, Ghana

Biritwum, R. B.; Welbeck, J; Barnish, G.

doi:10.1080/00034983.2000.11813601

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This intra-city variation, also seen in other urban studies (Sabatinelli et al 1986;Trape 1987;Fondjo et al 1992;Manga et al 1993;Njama et al 2003), means that in order for interventions to be both cost effective and efficacious, the vulnerability of each urban community must be assessed prior to implementing interventions. As in other studies (Koram et al 1995;Biritwum et al 2000;ter Kuile et al 2003), the Kumasi community with highest parasitaemia prevalence (Moshie Zongo) showed a negative association between malaria risk and both education and socio-economic score. The community was characterized by a 1.5-times greater number of people with below the average socio-economic status for the study communities and double the mean proportion of people who did not complete primary education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urban malaria and anaemia in children: a cross‐sectional survey in two cities of Ghana

Klinkenberg

McCall

Wilson

et al. 2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective To describe the epidemiology of urban malaria, an emerging problem in sub-Saharan Africa. method Cross-sectional surveys of communities in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana, determining risk factors for malaria infection and anaemia in children aged 6-60 months.results Malaria prevalence rates ranged from 2% to 33% between urban communities. 47.1% of children were anaemic (Hb < 11.0 g/dl). Factors associated with malaria prevalence were low socioeconomic status, age and anaemia. The attributable risks of anaemia and severe anaemia (Hb < 8.0 g/dl) caused by malaria were 5% and 23% respectively.conclusions Malaria in urban areas displayed a heterogeneity and complexity that differed from the rural environment, which has important implications for malaria control. Marked intra-city variation indicates the importance of targeting specific areas or districts. The most vulnerable group, the urban poor, should be prioritized when designing control measures. This would require careful assessment of the malaria risk pattern in any city to guide an integrated control program.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urban malaria and anaemia in children: a cross‐sectional survey in two cities of Ghana

Klinkenberg

McCall

Wilson

et al. 2006

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…However, this evidence also suggests that treatments being used by some children may not be effective in clearing parasitaemia. Home treatment or reliance on informal drug shops as a primary treatment method for child malaria is reported among many urban populations [32,33]. In eastern Uganda, treatments and dosages recommended by drug shops and government health units were often incorrect, and poor caregiver compliance with prescribed dosages was common [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria and anaemia among children in two communities of Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey

Ronald

Kenny

Klinkenberg

et al. 2006

Malar J

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Background: A survey in Kumasi, Ghana found a marked Plasmodium falciparum prevalence difference between two neighbouring communities (Moshie Zongo and Manhyia). The primary objective of this follow-up study was to determine whether this parasite rate difference was consistent over time. Secondary objectives were to compare prevalences of clinical malaria, anaemia, intestinal parasite infections, and malnutrition between these communities; and to identify potential risk factors for P. falciparum infection and anaemia.

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“…In Ghana, malaria transmission is an all-year round phenomenon with peaks in the rainy seasons, and accounts for between 30–40% of outpatient visits to health facilities each year [12–14]. In Accra, malaria constitutes 40% of outpatient visits in most health facilities [15, 16], a higher figure compared to the national average. This study aims at determining habitat preference of Anopheles mosquitoes in Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi municipalities of Ghana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in breeding sites and distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in selected urban areas of southern Ghana

et al. 2017

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Background Anopheles vectors of malaria are supposedly less common in urban areas as a result of pollution, but there is increasing evidence of their adaptation to organically polluted water bodies. This study characterized the breeding habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes in the two major urban areas in southern Ghana; Accra (AMA) and Sekondi-Takoradi (STMA) Metropolitan Areas, during dry and wet seasons.Methods Anopheles mosquito larvae were sampled using standard dipping methods to determine larval densities. The origin, nature and stability of 21 randomly selected sites were observed and recorded. Mosquito larvae were reared to adults and Anopheles species identified by both morphological and molecular means.ResultsSixty-six percent of Anopheles habitats were permanent and 34% temporal, and 74.5% man-made while 25.5% were natural. Puddles and urban farm sites accounted for over 51% of all Anopheles mosquitoes sampled. The mean larval densities among the habitat types was highest of 13.7/dip for puddles and lowest of 2.3/dip for stream/river, and the variation between densities were significant (P = 0.002). The mean larval densities were significantly higher in the wet season than in the dry season for the two study areas combined (P = 0.0191) and AMA (P = 0.0228). Over 99% of the 5,802 morphologically identified Anopheles species were An. gambiae (s.l.) of which more than 99% of the studied 898 were An. coluzzii (62%) and An. gambiae (s.s.) (34%). Urban farms, puddles, swamps and ditches/ dugouts accounted for approximately 70% of all An. coluzzii identified. Conversely, drains, construction sites, streams/rivers and “others” contributed 80% of all An. gambiae (s.s.) sampled. The wet season had significantly higher proportion of Anopheles larvae compared to the dry season (Z = 8.3683, P < 0.0001). Also, the proportion of Anopheles mosquitoes produced by permanent breeding sites was 61.3% and that of temporary sites was 38.7%.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggest that man-made and/ or permanent habitats were the main contributors to Anopheles larval populations in the cities and that regulation of the anthropogenic processes that lead to development of breeding places and proper environmental management can drastically reduce mosquito breeding sites in urban areas of Ghana.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1941-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Incidence and management of malaria in two communities of different socio—economic level, in Accra, Ghana

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Urban malaria and anaemia in children: a cross‐sectional survey in two cities of Ghana

Urban malaria and anaemia in children: a cross‐sectional survey in two cities of Ghana

Malaria and anaemia among children in two communities of Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey

Diversity in breeding sites and distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes in selected urban areas of southern Ghana

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