Incidence and magnitude of the "priming effect" in self-stimulating rats.

Reid, Larry D.; Hunsicker, James P.; Lindsay, Janice L.; Gallistel, C. R.

doi:10.1037/h0033923

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, Reid et al considered that the change in running speed with respect to the priming stimulation indicates a motivational effect in the runway method. 1) Thus, priming stimulation may facilitate the motivational effect to obtain the reward stimulation. Consequently, we stud- Each column shows the percentage by which running speed in the test session differed from that in the baseline session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivational Effects of Methamphetamine as Measured by the Runway Method Using Priming Stimulation of Intracranial Self-stimulation Behavior

Sagara

Kitamura

Sendo

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Priming stimulation is known to promote the motivational effects of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior. The runway method using priming stimulation can experimentally distinguish the reward and motivational effects of ICSS behavior. In this study, we examined the motivational effect of a drug as determined by the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS behavior. Electrodes were implanted chronically into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the rats. A lever for stimulation of the MFB was set on the opposite side of the start box in the apparatus. The rats were trained to obtain a reward stimulation (50-200 m mA, 0.2 ms, 60 Hz) of the MFB by pressing the goal lever, and then priming stimulation of the MFB was applied. After priming stimulation, rats were placed in the start box of the runway apparatus and the time taken by the rat to press the lever was recorded. Priming stimulation frequency was significantly correlated with running speed (r‫,798.0؍‬ pϽ0.05). Methamphetamine (1, 3 mg/kg) induced an increase in running speed (F(3, ‫,752.61؍)02‬ pϽ0.01), and was further increased with increase in priming stimulation frequency. In addition, methamphetamine significantly enhanced the motivational effect. These results suggest that the runway method using priming stimulation of ICSS behavior may be an effective way to evaluate the enhancing effect of a drug on motivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Priming stimulation is known to promote the motivational effects of ICSS behavior. 1) Using the runway method and priming stimulation, the reward and motivational effects of ICSS behavior can be distinguished.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational Effects of Methamphetamine as Measured by the Runway Method Using Priming Stimulation of Intracranial Self-stimulation Behavior

Sagara

Kitamura

Sendo

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Research on the priming effect of electrical brain stimulation provides one line of evidence that dopamine transmission may not be essential to certain aspects of motivation. The priming effect of rewards is a transient increase in the motivation to pursue a reward after having previously received that reward (Edmonds & Gallistel, ; Gallistel, ; Gallistel, Stellar, & Bubis, ; Reid, Hunsicker, Kent, Lindsay, & Gallistel, ). The finding that the priming effect of electrical brain stimulation withstands blockade of dopamine D2‐like receptors (Wasserman, Gomita, & Gallistel, ) is inconsistent with ideas such as the incentive salience hypothesis that links increased “wanting” in the wake of recent exposure to rewards to dopamine signaling (Berridge & Robinson, ; Robinson & Berridge, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Priming can thus direct behavior toward pursuing a primed reward over competing rewards. In a runway paradigm, rats ran faster to the goal box after having received pretrial priming stimulation in the start box (Gallistel, ; Gallistel et al., ; Reid et al., ; Stellar & Gallistel, ), thus demonstrating the potentiating effect of priming on the vigor of reward‐seeking behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The priming effect of food persists following blockade of dopamine receptors

Evangelista

Hantson

Shams

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The priming effect of rewards is a boost in the vigor of reward seeking resulting from the previous receipt of a reward. Extensive work has been carried out on the priming effect of electrical brain stimulation, but much less research exists on the priming effect of natural rewards, such as food. While both reinforcement and motivation are linked with dopamine transmission in the brain, the priming effect of rewards does not appear to be dopamine‐dependent. In the present study, an operant method was developed to measure the priming effect of food and then applied to investigate whether it is affected by dopamine receptor antagonism. Long‐Evans rats were administered saline or one of the three doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.075 mg/kg) of the dopamine D1 receptor family antagonist, SCH23390, or the dopamine D2 receptor family antagonist, eticlopride. Although dopamine receptor antagonism affected pursuit of food, it did not eliminate the priming effect. These data suggest that despite the involvement of dopamine transmission in reinforcement and motivation, the priming effect of food does not depend on dopamine transmission.

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“…According to the "constancy theory" (3), reward and motivation systems exist contiguously in the brain, and ICSS behavior occurs by simultaneous activation of both systems. However, Reid et al successfully developed a runway method employing ICSS behavior (4), which allowed the differentiation of reward and motivation system components responsible for ICSS behavior. By modifying Gallistel's runway method, we have devised an experimental methodology that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of drugs influencing motivational states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Evaluation of Motivational Effects of Drugs

2012

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Abstract. Motivation is a process that continuously changes behavior to achieve a goal and can be conceptualized as a series of steps relating to that process. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior is considered to consist of reward and motivational effects. Moreover, priming stimulation of ICSS behavior is known to promote motivational effects. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, rewards and motivational effects of ICSS behavior can be differentiated. We investigated whether the runway method and priming stimulation of ICSS behavior could be used to evaluate motivational effects of a drug. In the ICSS runway model, running speed was considered as a reference of motivational effect. An assessment of pharmacological drugs known to influence motivational states was also undertaken. Using our experimental methods, prominent changes were observed in running speed when animals were administered methamphetamine and nicotine. Based on our results, we conclude that the runway method may be useful for the evaluation of substances that affect motivation. This review introduces 4 types of neuronal processes involved in motivation, reward mechanisms, outlines evaluation methods, and describes motivational properties of psychoactive drugs.

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Incidence and magnitude of the "priming effect" in self-stimulating rats.

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Motivational Effects of Methamphetamine as Measured by the Runway Method Using Priming Stimulation of Intracranial Self-stimulation Behavior

Motivational Effects of Methamphetamine as Measured by the Runway Method Using Priming Stimulation of Intracranial Self-stimulation Behavior

The priming effect of food persists following blockade of dopamine receptors

A New Method for Evaluation of Motivational Effects of Drugs

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