Incidence and Interrelated Factors in Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism as Detected by Newborn Screening in Guangxi, China

Fan, Xin; Chen, Shaoke; Qian, Jia; Sooranna, Suren R.; Luo, Jingi; Li, Chuan; Tang, Qin; Chen, Lin

doi:10.1177/2333794x14567193

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most of them evaluated the possible risk factors for primary CH. Reported risk factors for transient CH were as follows: iodine deficiency or excess, prematurity, old maternal age, male gender, retinopathy of prematurity, twin pregnancy, maternal autoimmune thyroid disease, intrauterine growth retardation, and cesarean delivery (19,24,26,33,51,56,63). Reported risk factors for permanent CH with dysgenesis of the thyroid gland were as follows: female gender, familial history of CH, birth in geographical areas with a high rate of the disease, old maternal age, ethnicity (Caucasians) but not seasonality (5,15,42,50,56,61).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed an association between gender and CH. Many reports have indicated that CH is frequently found in girls (12,15,17,6,31,36,44,46,53,56). According to previous studies, the female to male ratio was approximately 1.0 among hereditary cases of CH (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…By considering the reported group differences, we could design more studies for better understand- ing of different subgroups of CH. As mentioned previously, though there were studies regarding CH-related risk factors (6,34,36,44,47,49,56,59,63) there was no comprehensive review in this field. Moreover, for some important risk factors such as seasonality or gender differences, the results of studies were not in agreement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Hashemipour¹,

Samei²,

Kelishadi³

et al. 2019

J. Pediatr. Rev.

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Context: Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disorder and causes of preventable mental retardation in children. Objective: We aimed to review the reported CH-related risk factors systematically. Data Sources: In this review, all types of human studies on the risk factors related to the occurrence or high rate of CH were included. An electronic search was conducted in international and national electronic databases. The following keywords were used: "Congenital Hypothyroidism" AND "risk factor".

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Hashemipour¹,

Samei²,

Kelishadi³

et al. 2019

J. Pediatr. Rev.

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“…The incidence of CH is different among neonates of various countries of the world and ranges from 1:2000 to 1:4000 [2][3][4][5][6], the incidence of CH in different areas of Iran is reported to vary from 1:400 to 1:1000 [7,8].…”

Section: S S E E E E E a A A A A R R R R R C C C C C H P H P H P H P mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence Quotient at the Age of Six years of Iranian Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism

et al. 2017

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Objective: To evaluate the success rate of the National newborn screening program in maintenance of intelligent quotient (IQ) of children with congenital hypothyroidism in Iran.Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods:The IQ scores, in three subsets of verbal, non verbal (Performance) and full scale IQ, of 240 children diagnosed with Transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH) and Permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH), from 5 provinces in 5 different geographical areas of Iran, were measured at the age of 6 years using revised Wechsler pre school and primary scale of intelligence and compared with 240 healthy children. We used independent sample t test and two-way ANOVA for data analysis.Results: Mean of verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scores were lower in the CH cases (permanent and transient) than the control group. Most of the IQ differences in two studied groups related to the PCH cases (P=0.005). Mean difference of IQs between children in the two groups in Yazd province (center of Iran) was higher than other provinces, and they also had significantly lower IQ than their control (healthy) children (P=0.001). No treated child had IQ<70. Conclusion:Although mean IQs of CH children was lower than their controls, IQ of all treated CH cases were close to the healthy children.Keywords: Management, Neonatal screening, Outcome. R R R R R E E E E E S S S S S E E E E E A A A A A R R R R R C C C C C H P H P H P H P H P AA A A A P P P P P E E E E E R R R R R C ongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is considered as one of the most important preventable causes of mental retardation in children [1]. The incidence of CH is different among neonates of various countries of the world and ranges from 1:2000 to 1:4000 [2-6], the incidence of CH in different areas of Iran is reported to vary from 1:400 to 1:1000 [7,8].In Iran, a National program of neonate screening was established from 2004-2005 [9]. In this program, thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) is measured as a primary test, and positive tests are confirmed by serum thyroxine (T4). By the end of 2015, over 9 million neonates were screened and over 10 thousand children were diagnosed with CH and treated with levothyroxine (L-Thyroxine).The evaluation of this mass screening program, particularly from the view of maintaining the IQ of children with CH at the national level has been done [10,11], but there have been no systematic long-term follow-up studies for evaluation of intervention/treatment outcomes among hypothyroid children diagnosed by the nationwide newborn screening program in Iran. This study was done to assess the IQ of hypothyroid children diagnosed by national program of CH screening at age of 6 years, compared with healthy children in Iran. METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in five provinces in different geographical areas of Iran. A total of 480 children in two study groups, including 240 children with CH and 240 healthy children were investigated in this comparative study. We first specified our samples based on mean difference sampl...

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“…Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is known as one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation ( 1 ), and also considered a major preventable and detectable cause of mental retardation with early and simple treatment ( 2 ). CH is caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary- thyroid axis ( 1 ) and lack of thyroid hormones at birth in newborns ( 3 ). Thyroid hormones have an invaluable role in maintaining mental development in children ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

et al. 2018

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Background and aimCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is known as one of the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. This study aimed to determine factors associated with CH in Iran.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on 160 children under one year old in Zahedan in southeast Iran in 2016. The neonates who were born from March 1, 2015 to March 19, 2016 and had undergone a screening program for CH were the study population. The neonates with serum TSH > 10mIu/L and T4 < 6.5 or TSH > 30 mIu/L were considered as a case group. Each case was individually matched for sex, age at birth and place of residence with three neonates with normal TSH and T4 titers as a control group. Data was gathered using a standard checklist and analyzed using SPSS 20 and statistical tests, such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was also used to identify independent predictors of CH.ResultsAbout 25 of the 40 patients with CH (62.5%) were male who, in the univariate analysis, the following explanatory factors had no significant association with CH: history of parental consanguinity, type of delivery, weight at birth, height at birth, age of mother, sampling time, nationality, and birth season (p>0.05). Although, multivariate analysis showed no significant association between the studied factors and risk of CH (p>0.05), the likelihood of CH was greater among neonates born to consanguineous parents (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.82–3.89), those who were born to lower height at birth (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 0.85–3.91), neonates born to mothers younger than 18 years (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 0.57–10.29) and those who were born in the summer (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 0.57–5.44).ConclusionNone of the studied factors were predictors for CH. Since consanguineous marriages are frequent in the province, and it may be a major contributory factor, future studies should be conducted on the genetic causes.

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Incidence and Interrelated Factors in Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism as Detected by Newborn Screening in Guangxi, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Intelligence Quotient at the Age of Six years of Iranian Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Risk factors associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a case-control study in southeast Iran

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